腫瘤抑制因子PTEN的抗病毒功能及其機制研究
[Abstract]:Identifying pathogenic microorganisms is the first step in activating a natural immune response, which is achieved by identifying the pathogen-related molecular patterns (MAMPs) through a series of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). For example, in most cells, RIG-I-like receptors (RIG-I)-like rectins, RLRs) recognize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) generated by viral infections; in some immune cells, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) identify viral RNA and ssRNA that have been internalized into the endosomes. Once activated, the pattern recognition receptors cause downstream signal cascade reactions leading to a large number of type I interferon and pro-inflammatory factors. interferon regulatory factor 3 (iRF3) plays an indispensable role in the process of innate immune response. After cell recognition of a pathogen, IRF3 is phosphorylated on several phosphorylated receptor clusters, followed by conformational changes, homodimerizing, nucleus-entering, and binding to the promoter sequence interferon-stimulated response (IRE) of the target gene. The essential role of IR3 in the IFN-induced pathway determines that it must be finely regulated so as to allow the host to respond accurately to viral infections. The kinases TBK1 and IKK upstream of IRF3 have long been reported, but phosphatases responsible for the IRF3 dephosphorylation process are still unknown. Tumor suppressor gene PTEN is one of several tumor suppressor factors with the highest mutation rate. PTEN antagonizes the T-Akt signaling pathway through its lipid phosphatase activity, thereby controlling a series of cellular physiological processes, which play a central role in tumor suppression. Although the tumor suppressor function of PTEN is very thorough, the function of PTEN in anti-viral immunity has not been reported. In this study, we report the new function of PTEN in innate anti-virus innate immunity, and we have found that PTEN can promote the expression of viral-induced type I interferon and play a key role in anti-viral innate immune response. Our findings suggest that the role of PTEN in the type I interferon inducible pathway depends on its phosphatase activity, but does not depend on the p38-Akt pathway. IRF3 is a key transcription factor for the I-type interferon inducible pathway, while PTEN promotes the expression of viral-induced I-type interferon by promoting the migration of IRF3 into the nucleus. Experiments using a variety of viruses and nucleic acid analogs to induce interferon production demonstrate that PTEN is involved in all IRF3-mediated interferon reactions. Further studies have shown that, in addition to the known phosphorylation activation sites, IRF3 also has phosphorylation sites, which identify three phosphorylated negative regulatory sites, including Ser82, Ser97 and Ser339, where phosphorylation of Ser97 sites results in IRRF3 not entering the nucleus, PTEN confirmed the phosphorylation of Ser97 phosphorylation site by its phosphatase activity, thus promoting the expression of IRF3 in nuclear and I-type interferon. The virus infection experiment shows that the anti-virus interferon response of all kinds of cells (including tumor cells) deleted by PTEN is remarkably reduced, and the replication efficiency of the virus is increased, and the apoptosis of the host cell is increased. In this study, PTEN conditioned knock-out mouse experimental system was established. Compared with wild-type mice, there was a significant decrease in interferon response in PTEN-deficient mice, and it was highly susceptible to blister-inflammatory virus (VSV). Therefore, the physiological function of PTEN was confirmed in mouse model. In conclusion, we have found that PTEN plays a key role in anti-virus innate immunity in addition to anti-tumor function, and reveals the new mechanism of phosphorylation negative regulation of IRF3 and the dephosphorylation function of PTEN phosphatase to the negative regulatory site of IR3. These work demonstrate the interaction between PTEN and IRF3 between tumor suppression and anti-viral innate immunity, and partly explain why tumor cells are generally more sensitive to viral infections, thus providing new knowledge for the development of new antiviral strategies, It has important clinical significance for screening and applying soluble tumor virus in the treatment of PTEN-deficient cancer.
【學位授予單位】:武漢大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:R392
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