益生菌降膽固醇機(jī)制初探
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-26 18:37
【摘要】：心腦血管疾病是一類危害人類健康且很難被攻克的慢性疾病。其致病因素眾多,諸如遺傳因素、不規(guī)律生活習(xí)慣、高熱量食物的暴食等均會(huì)引起該類疾病的發(fā)生。至今,還未找到確實(shí)可行的治愈該疾病的有效方法,由此防重于治是控制該類疾病的有效方法。有證據(jù)表明,血液以及肝臟中膽固醇含量過(guò)高是誘發(fā)該類疾病的原因之一,如果可以維持血液中膽固醇水平且保持在合理的范圍之內(nèi),則可減緩心腦血管疾病的發(fā)病趨勢(shì)。經(jīng)過(guò)多年的研究證實(shí),某些益生菌可以降低血液及肝臟中的膽固醇含量。與傳統(tǒng)藥物治療相比,具有降膽固醇功能的益生菌因其副作用小并且具有其他益生功效等特點(diǎn),而被廣泛關(guān)注。益生菌通過(guò)何種途徑降低血液中膽固醇的含量一直是科研人員研究的重點(diǎn),經(jīng)過(guò)多年研究發(fā)現(xiàn),益生菌降膽固醇機(jī)制存在四種假說(shuō),其中任何一種機(jī)制至今均未得到證實(shí)。由于某些益生菌的應(yīng)用具有一定特殊性,其潛在的安全性問(wèn)題也不容小覷。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,某些益生菌可能產(chǎn)生毒性物質(zhì)而刺激機(jī)體產(chǎn)生不良反應(yīng)以及菌體進(jìn)入血液后可能引起菌血癥等一些危害機(jī)體健康等風(fēng)險(xiǎn):針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題,供試菌株應(yīng)在后續(xù)食品、藥品開發(fā)前取得安全性評(píng)估才得以實(shí)施大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)。基于上述目的,本文利用皂化-比色法復(fù)篩具有降膽固醇能力的43株益生菌,其去除率為3.30%(±0.89)-85.93%(±0.38)之間,在這43株菌株中,腸球菌屬與乳桿菌屬所占比例較大,說(shuō)明這兩種菌種在降膽固醇方面具有很大潛力,可以進(jìn)行深入研究。因此從中分別選取三株植物乳桿菌和三株屎腸球菌分別進(jìn)行耐酸耐膽鹽等益生能力以及膽鹽水解酶活性檢測(cè)。三株植物乳桿菌的耐酸能力較三株屎腸球菌菌株要強(qiáng),而三株屎腸球菌的耐膽鹽能力則強(qiáng)于三株植物乳桿菌菌株。在膽鹽水解酶活性的檢測(cè)中發(fā)現(xiàn),植物乳桿菌S11菌株的酶活最低,基本檢測(cè)不出,而植物乳桿菌QB3-1菌株的酶活則高達(dá)80%。在進(jìn)一步研究膽固醇去除機(jī)制中發(fā)現(xiàn),本文所得結(jié)果證明益生菌的去除機(jī)制存在菌株差異性,而且益生菌主要是通過(guò)多種機(jī)制的協(xié)同作用達(dá)到膽固醇去除目的,這也為后續(xù)進(jìn)一步研究各種機(jī)制間的作用關(guān)系提供一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。此外,還對(duì)這6株供試菌株初步實(shí)施安全性評(píng)價(jià)。6株菌株對(duì)10種抗生素的敏感程度不同,3株屎腸球菌均對(duì)萬(wàn)古霉素敏感,而QB3-2菌株是這6株菌株中對(duì)抗生素最為敏感的一株菌株。同時(shí)檢測(cè)了3株屎腸球菌的溶血反應(yīng),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,這三株菌株無(wú)溶血性,由此初步表明這6株供試菌株安全可靠。本文研究所得的各項(xiàng)研究成果為后續(xù)具有低膽固醇發(fā)酵食品的研發(fā)提供一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。但是,要想將其應(yīng)用到功能性發(fā)酵食品,還需進(jìn)一步完善供試菌株的安全性評(píng)估。
[Abstract]:Cardio-cerebrovascular disease is a kind of chronic disease that endangers human health and is difficult to conquer. Many pathogenic factors, such as genetic factors, irregular living habits and high calorie food overeating, can lead to the occurrence of this disease. Up to now, no effective method has been found to cure the disease, so prevention and treatment is an effective way to control the disease. It has been shown that high cholesterol level in blood and liver is one of the causes of these diseases. If the cholesterol level in blood can be maintained within a reasonable range, it can slow down the development trend of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Years of research have shown that certain probiotics lower cholesterol levels in the blood and liver. Compared with traditional drug therapy, probiotics with cholesterol lowering function have been widely concerned because of its small side effects and other probiotic effects. It has been the focus of researchers to study how probiotics reduce cholesterol content in blood. After many years of research, it has been found that there are four hypotheses on cholesterol lowering mechanism of probiotics, none of which has been proved. Because of the particularity of some probiotics, the potential safety problems should not be underestimated. According to literature reports, some probiotics may produce toxic substances that stimulate the body to produce adverse reactions, and bacteria entering the blood may cause bacteriaemia and other risks to the health of the body: in view of these problems, the strains to be tested should be in the follow-up food, Before the development of drugs, the safety assessment can be carried out in large scale production. For the above purpose, 43 strains of probiotics with cholesterol lowering ability were screened by saponification colorimetric method, the removal rate was between 3.30% (鹵0.89) -85.93% (鹵0.38). Among the 43 strains, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus accounted for a large proportion. These two strains have great potential in lowering cholesterol and can be studied in depth. Therefore, three strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and three strains of Enterococcus faecium were selected respectively to detect the probiotic ability of acid tolerance and bile salt tolerance and the activity of bile salt hydrolase. The acid tolerance of three strains of Lactobacillus plantarum was stronger than that of three strains of Enterococcus faecium, while the ability of three strains of Enterococcus faecium was stronger than that of three strains of Lactobacillus plantarum. In the detection of bile salt hydrolase activity it was found that Lactobacillus plantarum S11 strain had the lowest enzyme activity which could not be detected basically but the enzyme activity of Lactobacillus plantarum QB3-1 strain was as high as 80%. In the further study of cholesterol removal mechanism, we found that the removal mechanism of probiotics is different in strains, and the removal mechanism of probiotics is mainly through the synergistic action of various mechanisms to achieve the purpose of cholesterol removal. It also provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the interaction between various mechanisms. In addition, the safety evaluation of the 6 strains was carried out preliminarily. The sensitivity of 6 strains to 10 antibiotics was different. 3 strains of Enterococcus faecium were all sensitive to vancomycin, and 3 strains of Enterococcus faecium were sensitive to vancomycin. The QB3-2 strain was the most sensitive to antibiotics among the 6 strains. The hemolytic reaction of three strains of Enterococcus faecium was also detected. The results showed that the three strains had no hemolysis, which indicated that the 6 strains were safe and reliable. The research results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of low cholesterol fermented foods. However, in order to be applied to functional fermented food, it is necessary to improve the safety assessment of the tested strains.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R371
本文編號(hào)：2146935
[Abstract]:Cardio-cerebrovascular disease is a kind of chronic disease that endangers human health and is difficult to conquer. Many pathogenic factors, such as genetic factors, irregular living habits and high calorie food overeating, can lead to the occurrence of this disease. Up to now, no effective method has been found to cure the disease, so prevention and treatment is an effective way to control the disease. It has been shown that high cholesterol level in blood and liver is one of the causes of these diseases. If the cholesterol level in blood can be maintained within a reasonable range, it can slow down the development trend of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Years of research have shown that certain probiotics lower cholesterol levels in the blood and liver. Compared with traditional drug therapy, probiotics with cholesterol lowering function have been widely concerned because of its small side effects and other probiotic effects. It has been the focus of researchers to study how probiotics reduce cholesterol content in blood. After many years of research, it has been found that there are four hypotheses on cholesterol lowering mechanism of probiotics, none of which has been proved. Because of the particularity of some probiotics, the potential safety problems should not be underestimated. According to literature reports, some probiotics may produce toxic substances that stimulate the body to produce adverse reactions, and bacteria entering the blood may cause bacteriaemia and other risks to the health of the body: in view of these problems, the strains to be tested should be in the follow-up food, Before the development of drugs, the safety assessment can be carried out in large scale production. For the above purpose, 43 strains of probiotics with cholesterol lowering ability were screened by saponification colorimetric method, the removal rate was between 3.30% (鹵0.89) -85.93% (鹵0.38). Among the 43 strains, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus accounted for a large proportion. These two strains have great potential in lowering cholesterol and can be studied in depth. Therefore, three strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and three strains of Enterococcus faecium were selected respectively to detect the probiotic ability of acid tolerance and bile salt tolerance and the activity of bile salt hydrolase. The acid tolerance of three strains of Lactobacillus plantarum was stronger than that of three strains of Enterococcus faecium, while the ability of three strains of Enterococcus faecium was stronger than that of three strains of Lactobacillus plantarum. In the detection of bile salt hydrolase activity it was found that Lactobacillus plantarum S11 strain had the lowest enzyme activity which could not be detected basically but the enzyme activity of Lactobacillus plantarum QB3-1 strain was as high as 80%. In the further study of cholesterol removal mechanism, we found that the removal mechanism of probiotics is different in strains, and the removal mechanism of probiotics is mainly through the synergistic action of various mechanisms to achieve the purpose of cholesterol removal. It also provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the interaction between various mechanisms. In addition, the safety evaluation of the 6 strains was carried out preliminarily. The sensitivity of 6 strains to 10 antibiotics was different. 3 strains of Enterococcus faecium were all sensitive to vancomycin, and 3 strains of Enterococcus faecium were sensitive to vancomycin. The QB3-2 strain was the most sensitive to antibiotics among the 6 strains. The hemolytic reaction of three strains of Enterococcus faecium was also detected. The results showed that the three strains had no hemolysis, which indicated that the 6 strains were safe and reliable. The research results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of low cholesterol fermented foods. However, in order to be applied to functional fermented food, it is necessary to improve the safety assessment of the tested strains.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R371
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