本文關(guān)鍵詞：白紋伊蚊成蚊在不同溫度條件下生存繁殖能力變化研究　出處：《中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 白紋伊蚊 成蚊 產(chǎn)卵 生存時間 生存率 生命表 溫度

【摘要】：白紋伊蚊(Aedesalbopictus Skuse)屬于長角亞目蚊科伊蚊屬,嗜吸人血,攻擊力強,吸血時間大多集中在日出后兩小時和日落前兩小時左右,與人類的關(guān)系十分密切。它的分布非常廣泛,在我國分布在沈陽、寶雞、雅安和林芝一線以南地區(qū)。從全球來看,白紋伊蚊已經(jīng)從東南亞的熱帶和亞熱帶地區(qū)迅速擴散到了南北美洲、大洋洲、歐洲和非洲七十多個國家和地區(qū)。在流行病學(xué)上作為一種重要的病毒傳播媒介,它可以傳播多種疾病,包括登革熱、寨卡病毒病、基孔肯雅熱以及黃熱病。隨著全球氣候變暖,白紋伊蚊的存活時間、繁殖能力,以及分布都會發(fā)生改變,同時吸血頻率也會發(fā)生改變,從而對其媒介效能以及相關(guān)傳染病的分布范圍都會有重要影響。溫度變化是造成種群季節(jié)消長的基本原因之一,尤其在極端環(huán)境下,昆蟲耐寒耐熱力的高低是其種群存在與發(fā)展的重要前提,決定著它們的生殖、擴散、分布以及下一季節(jié)的發(fā)生動態(tài)。特定年齡生命表(age-specified life table)以種群的年齡階段(如蟲態(tài)或者蟲齡)作為劃分時間的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),系統(tǒng)跟蹤記載不同發(fā)育階段或年齡區(qū)組中的死亡數(shù)量、死亡原因以及成蟲階段的繁殖數(shù)量。特定年齡生命表可用于分析影響種群數(shù)量變動的關(guān)鍵因素,估計出種群發(fā)展趨勢指數(shù),進而組建預(yù)測模型等。本課題對白紋伊蚊成蚊存活率,產(chǎn)卵量,卵的長成率與不同溫度(11℃,16℃,21℃,26℃,31℃和36℃)的關(guān)系進行了系列實驗研究。闡明了白紋伊蚊成蚊在不同溫度下平均生存時間和預(yù)期壽命,產(chǎn)卵數(shù)和卵的長成率,從而預(yù)測白紋伊蚊在不同溫度條件下的種群動態(tài)和擴散趨勢。本實驗結(jié)果顯示在11～36℃時,蚊蟲存活時間和產(chǎn)卵數(shù)以及卵的長成率都大體呈先上升后下降趨勢。在11℃時白紋伊蚊只能短暫存活,沒有吸血和繁殖行為;在16℃時生存時間最長,平均生存時間為(49.82土 17.83)d,最長達80d,但是產(chǎn)卵數(shù)較少,日均產(chǎn)卵僅為22.88粒,且卵在26℃不能長成;在21℃時生存時間雖然減少,但產(chǎn)卵數(shù)增加,達到日均產(chǎn)卵427.6粒,在26℃長成率也達到43%;26℃時生存時間增加至(32.37±13.28)d,而產(chǎn)卵數(shù)達到最大值的日均815.9粒,長成率88.0%:當(dāng)達到31℃時,平均生存時間為(25.43±11.88)d,產(chǎn)卵數(shù) 530.18 粒,長成率 82.5%;在 36℃(較高溫)下生存時間最短,平均生存時間為(8.61±5.02)d,蚊蟲在20d內(nèi)全部死亡,且日均產(chǎn)卵數(shù)最少,長成率僅為20.0%;相同溫度和時間下,雌蚊生存時間明顯高于雄蚊,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(F=37.261,P0.05);雌蚊的生存率均高于雄蚊,尤其在11和26℃時;不同溫度與蚊蟲性別間存在交互作用(F=2.772,P=0.017)。本實驗通過對白紋伊蚊成蚊在不同溫度梯度下的生存能力和生殖能力的研究,在一定程度揭示了該蚊種對不同溫度條件的適應(yīng)能力。為預(yù)測白紋伊蚊伊蚊在不同地區(qū)的季節(jié)動態(tài)、該蚊種的擴散能力、以及相關(guān)傳染病的風(fēng)險預(yù)估提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。
[Abstract]:Aedes albopictus (Aedesalbopictus Skuse) belongs to the genus Aedes, which is highly addicted to human blood and has strong attack power. Most of them are concentrated in two hours after sunrise and two hours before sunset. They are closely related to humans. It is widely distributed in our country in the south of Shenyang, Baoji, Ya'an and Linzhi. Globally, Aedes albopictus has spread rapidly from tropical and subtropical regions of Southeast Asia to more than 70 countries and regions in North and South America, Oceania, Europe and Africa. As an important media in the epidemiology of the virus, it can spread many diseases, including Zika virus disease, dengue, chikungunya fever and yellow fever. With global warming, the survival time, reproductive capacity and distribution of Aedes albopictus will change. Meanwhile, the frequency of blood sucking will also change, which will have an important impact on its media efficiency and the range of related infectious diseases. Temperature change is one of the basic reasons for seasonal fluctuation of population. Especially in extreme environments, the cold and heat tolerance of insects is the important prerequisite for their existence and development, and determines their reproduction, dispersal, distribution and the occurrence of next season. The age specific life table (age-specified life table) is based on population age, such as worm status or insect age, as a criterion for dividing time. The system tracked the number of deaths, causes of death and number of adult stages in different developmental stages or age groups. The life table at a specific age can be used to analyze the key factors that affect the population changes, estimate the population development trend index, and then form a prediction model. This study conducted a series of experiments on the relationship between the survival rate, the egg laying rate, the growth rate of eggs and the different temperatures (11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36). The average survival time, life expectancy, laying number and growth rate of eggs of Aedes albopictus at different temperatures were elucidated, so as to predict population dynamics and dispersal trend of Aedes albopictus under different temperatures. The results of the experiment showed that the survival time and the number of eggs, as well as the adult egg growth rate of the mosquitoes at 11~36 degrees centigrade were all on the rise and then descended. 鍦，

本文編號：1342037