飼料短缺是阻礙當(dāng)前畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展的重要因素,可利用的飼料原料遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于需求量,飼料原料缺口日漸增大成為亟待解決的問題。在季節(jié)性干旱期,一些品質(zhì)較好的原料得不到利用導(dǎo)致飼料原料供需不平衡的矛盾更為突出。人們普遍意識到,以稻草秸稈為代表的木質(zhì)纖維素原料是一種來源廣泛,但卻未充分利用資源。但是,由于蛋白含量及消化率低,使得這些低品質(zhì)的作物秸稈很難作為原料應(yīng)用在飼料中。前人采用各種方法處理這類物質(zhì),提高其營養(yǎng)價(jià)值,使其可作為原料應(yīng)用在飼料中。多數(shù)體外試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在不同壓力和處理時(shí)間條件下,通過蒸汽處理可改變稻草的營養(yǎng)成分及其消化率。因此,本研究通過體外及體內(nèi)試驗(yàn)研究蒸汽處理稻草秸稈的最佳條件,探討蒸汽處理對稻草秸稈的體外消化率的影響,并研究飼喂蒸汽處理稻草對肉羊營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)表觀消化率、瘤胃形態(tài)、肌肉抗氧化力、肌肉品質(zhì)的影響。1蒸汽處理對稻草秸稈營養(yǎng)成分及體外消化率的影響本試驗(yàn)旨在評價(jià)蒸汽處理對稻草秸稈營養(yǎng)成分及體外消化率的影響。稻草秸稈原樣(UTRS)經(jīng)過15.5 kgf/cm2蒸汽分別處理90 s (STRS-Ⅰ)和120 s (STRS-Ⅱ)后進(jìn)行營養(yǎng)成分分析及體外消化率測定。結(jié)果顯示,蒸汽處理提...

【文章頁數(shù)】：138 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 Literature Review
    1. Shortage of feed
    2. Availability of crop residues
    3. Availability of rice straw
    4. Straw composition
    5. Problems associated with feeding crop residues
    6. Pretreatments of crop residues
        6.1 Goalls of pretreatments
        6.2 Methods of pretreatment of crop residues
            6.2.1 Physical pretreatment
            6.2.2 Chemical pretreatment
            6.2.3 Biological pretreatment
            6.2.4 Physicochemical pretreatments
    7. Steam treatment
        7.1 Effects steam treatment on chemical composition of straw
        7.2 Effects Steam treatment on digestibility of straw
    Research goals
CHAPTER 2 Evaluation of steam treated rice straw as ruminant feed
    1. Introduction
    2. Materials and methods
        2.1 Samples preparation and steam explosion treatments
        2.2 Chemical analysis of sample grasses
        2.3 In vitro fermentation
        2.4 Determination of volatile fatty acids(VFA)by gas chromatography
        2.5 Statistical analysis
    3. Results
        3.1 Chemical composition of treated and untreated rice straw
        3.2 Volatile fatty acids(VFAs)
        3.3 In vitro DMD,OMD,NDF,ADF
        3.4 In vitro gas production and pH
    4. Discussion
    5. Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 Comparative studies of nutritive values and In vitro degradability of steam treatedrice straw with Chinese wild rye and Alfalfa
    1. Introduction
    2. Materials and methods
        2.1 Samples preparation
        2.2 Chemical analysis of sample grasses
        2.3 In vitro fermentation
        2.4 NH₃-N determination
        2.5 Determination of volatile fatty acids (VFAs)by gas chromatography
        2.6 Statistical analysis
    3. Results
        3.1 Chemical composition
        3.2 In vitro degradability
        3.3 Volatile fatty acids
    4. Discussion
    5. Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Digestibility, growth performance, plasma anti-oxidative potential and rumenmorphology of growing meat goats fed with steam treated rice straw diet
    1. Introduction
    2. Materials and methods
        2.1 Steam treatment of rice straw
        2.2 Site and description of the study area
        2.3 Digestibility trail
            2.3.1 Animals and management
            2.3.2 Chemical analysis of feeds and feces
        2.4 Growth trail
            2.4.1 Animals and management
            2.4.2 Feeding
            2.4.3 Body weight measurements
            2.4.4 Blood sampling
            2.4.5 Plasma TAOC,SOD and TBARS determination
            2.4.6 Plasma ALT and AST determination
            2.4.7 Relative organ weights
            2.4.8 Determination of gut and rumen morphology
        2.5 Statistical analysis
    3. Results
        3.1 Nutrients retention under metabolic cages
        3.2. Growth performance and relative organ weights
        3.3 Antioxidant and hepatic enzymes activities in plasma
        3.4 Gut and rumen morphology
    4. Discussion
        4.1 Apparent nutrients utilization and growth performance
        4.2 Antioxidant and hepatic enzyme activities in plasma
        4.3 Gut and rumen morphology
    5. Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Effects of steam treated rice straw feeding on growth,digestibility and plasma volatilefatty acids of goats under different housing stems
    1. Introduction
    2. Materials and methods
        2.1 Steam treatment of rice straw
        2.2 Location and description of the study area
        2.3 Animals management and feeding
        2.4 Body weight measurements
        2.5 Blood sampling and plasma analysis
        2.6 Digestibility trial
        2.7 Chemical analysis of feeds and feces
        2.8 Determination of plasma volatile fatty acids (VFAs)
        2.9 Statistical analysis
    3. Results
        3.1 Growth performance
        3.2 Apparent nutrient utilization
        3.3 Plasma thyroid and pancreatic hormones
        3.4 Plasma protein,cholesterol,lipase and amylase
        3.5 Plasma volatile fatty acids (VFAs)profile
    4. Discussion
        4.1 Growth performance and apparent nutrient utilization
        4.2 Plasma thyroid and pancreatic hormones
        4.3 Plasma protein,cholesterol,lipase and amylase
        4.4 Plasma volatile fatty acids (VFAs) profile
    5. Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 Carcass quality,fatty acid profile,and lipid oxidation of longissimus muscle of goatsreceiving untreated or steam treated rice straw based diets
    1. Introduction
    2. Materials and methods
        2.1 Steam treatment of rice straw
        2.2 Location and description of the study area
        2.3 Animals management and feeding
        2.4 Meat sampling and carcass traits
        2.5 Muscle pH and color
        2.6 Chemical analysis of meat
        2.7 Determination of fatty acid profile of meat
        2.8 Determination of lipid oxidation
        2.9 Statistical analysis
    3. Results
        3.1 Chemical composition of meat
        3.2 Carcass traits
        3.3 pH and meat color
        3.4 Meat fatty acid profile
        3.5 Lipid oxidation
    4. Discussion
        4.1 Chemical composition of meat
        4.2 pH and meat color
        4.3 Meat fatty acid profile
        4.4 Lipid oxidation
    5. Conclusion
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS
REFFERENCES
PUBLICATIONS



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