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重慶市高校學(xué)生結(jié)核患病及防控措施研究

發(fā)布時間:2018-10-09 15:02
【摘要】:背景:結(jié)核病嚴(yán)重危害人類健康。據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)估計,2011年全球新發(fā)結(jié)核病例870萬,有140萬人死于結(jié)核病。中國是22個結(jié)核病高負(fù)擔(dān)國家之一,結(jié)核病患者數(shù)位居全球第二位。2010年的全國第五次結(jié)核病流行病學(xué)調(diào)查顯示,全國15歲及以上人群約有活動性肺結(jié)核患者499萬,西部地區(qū)結(jié)核疫情顯著高于東部和中部地區(qū),且在20-24歲年齡段出現(xiàn)一結(jié)核病發(fā)病的小高峰。學(xué)校是師生高度集中的場所,一旦發(fā)生結(jié)核病,如果沒有早期發(fā)現(xiàn)和控制,很容易在校園內(nèi)傳播流行。近年來各大高校在校生人數(shù)不斷增加,因生源來自全國各地,且大學(xué)生群體流動性大,給高校結(jié)核病防控工作帶來巨大壓力。 目的:分析沙坪壩區(qū)(重慶市大學(xué)城所在地)2005至2012年登記高校學(xué)生結(jié)核病患病情況,了解高校學(xué)生結(jié)核發(fā)病特點(diǎn)及防控現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)現(xiàn)高校結(jié)核病防治工作中存在的問題,為下一步制定高校學(xué)生結(jié)核病防治措施和更好的控制高校結(jié)核病疫情提供依據(jù),同時也為其它地區(qū)提供可借鑒的經(jīng)驗。 方法:對重慶市沙坪壩區(qū)疾病預(yù)防控制中心2005至2012年登記的高校學(xué)生結(jié)核病患者采用定量與定性相結(jié)合的方法進(jìn)行研究:定量調(diào)查主要是利用“中國疾病預(yù)防控制信息系統(tǒng)”的子系統(tǒng)“結(jié)核病管理信息系統(tǒng)”收集高校學(xué)生結(jié)核患者資料,包括患者一般情況(年齡、性別、民族、所在學(xué)校等)、發(fā)現(xiàn)方式、主要癥狀、首發(fā)癥狀時間、首次就診時間、確診時間、診斷結(jié)果等情況,用SPSS13.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析;定性研究采用有目的抽樣法選取高校學(xué)生結(jié)核患者、高校結(jié)防醫(yī)務(wù)人員及結(jié)防專業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)醫(yī)務(wù)人員分別進(jìn)行個人深入訪談。通過上述方法研究高校學(xué)生結(jié)核疫情變化,分析大學(xué)生結(jié)核患病情況,探討加強(qiáng)高校結(jié)核病防治的有效措施。 結(jié)果:通過調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn),近年來大學(xué)生結(jié)核患者登記呈逐年降低趨勢,由2005年的144.00/10萬降低至2012年的最低值29.47/10萬。轄區(qū)內(nèi)幾乎所有高校均有大學(xué)生結(jié)核患者發(fā)現(xiàn)及登記。登記的大學(xué)生結(jié)核患者中男性多于女性,且存在臨床癥狀不典型的情況。轉(zhuǎn)診是大學(xué)生結(jié)核患者發(fā)現(xiàn)的主要方式,有77.32%的患者來源于轉(zhuǎn)診。在定性調(diào)查中,無一人首選結(jié)核定點(diǎn)醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)就診,多數(shù)受訪大學(xué)生患者表示“藥房購藥”是患病后的首要選擇。有33%的大學(xué)生患者存在就診延遲,25.1%的大學(xué)生患者存在確診延遲,患者來源在大學(xué)生結(jié)核患者確診延遲中有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=55.49,P<0.01),其中確診延遲在追蹤發(fā)現(xiàn)的的患者中發(fā)生率最高。大學(xué)生患者的治療成功率較高,校醫(yī)督導(dǎo)訪視多以電話訪視為主,但存在漏訪現(xiàn)象。大學(xué)生群體普遍存在結(jié)核病防治知識缺乏、患病后心理負(fù)擔(dān)重的現(xiàn)狀。 結(jié)論:高校學(xué)生是結(jié)核病防治工作中重點(diǎn)人群。針對高校結(jié)核病防治工作中出現(xiàn)的患者發(fā)現(xiàn)不足、大學(xué)生群體對結(jié)核病防治知曉率不高、患者心理負(fù)擔(dān)過大等問題,需采取綜合防控措施。加強(qiáng)衛(wèi)生、教育部門協(xié)調(diào),強(qiáng)化結(jié)核疫情監(jiān)測,健全結(jié)防網(wǎng)絡(luò)是高校結(jié)核病防治的基礎(chǔ)。采用結(jié)素試驗開展結(jié)核篩查,加強(qiáng)大學(xué)生在校期間的體檢是高校結(jié)核病防治的重要手段。創(chuàng)新大學(xué)生結(jié)核病健康促進(jìn)形式,做好大學(xué)生結(jié)核患者的心理疏導(dǎo)和督導(dǎo)管理,,用好用足大學(xué)生結(jié)核醫(yī)保政策是高校結(jié)核病防治的重要環(huán)節(jié)。只有這樣才能有效控制高校結(jié)核病疫情,保障高校學(xué)生免受結(jié)核侵害。
[Abstract]:Background: Tuberculosis is a serious threat to human health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are 8.7 million new tuberculosis cases globally in 2011 and 1.4 million people die from tuberculosis. China is one of 22 high-burden countries with tuberculosis and the number of TB patients is second place in the world. The fifth national tuberculosis epidemiology survey in 2010 showed that there were about 49.9 million patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis among the population aged 15 and over, Tuberculosis in the western region is significantly higher than in the eastern and central regions, and a small peak of tuberculosis occurs at the age of 20-24. School is a highly centralized place for teachers and students, and once tuberculosis occurs, it is easy to spread the epidemic on campus without early detection and control. In recent years, the number of colleges and universities in colleges and universities has increased continuously, because students are from all over the country, and the mobility of college students is large, bringing great pressure to the prevention and control of tuberculosis in colleges and universities. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis in college students from 2005 to 2012 in Shapingba District (Chongqing University Town), to understand the characteristics of tuberculosis in colleges and universities and the status of prevention and control of tuberculosis, and to find out the problems in the prevention and control of tuberculosis in colleges and universities The problem is to provide the basis for the next step to develop the measures for the prevention and cure of tuberculosis in colleges and universities and to better control the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in colleges and universities, and also provide reference for other areas. Methods: The method of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the patients with tuberculosis in Shapingba district of Chongqing City from 2005 to 2012 was studied by means of quantitative and qualitative research: the quantitative investigation was mainly used to collect college students' knot by using the 鈥淐hina Disease Prevention and Control Information System鈥

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