乙肝病毒感染過程中白細胞介素-32的表達調(diào)控和抗病毒反應機制研究
[Abstract]:Hepatitis B is a worldwide epidemic disease, which causes at least one million deaths worldwide every year. It is also one of the biggest problems affecting the health of our people. Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the important factors leading to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of IL-32 expression induced by viruses and to explore the role of IL-32 in viral infection.
IL-32, once named natural killer cell transcript 4 (NK4), has recently been reported to be an important inflammatory factor. It is mainly expressed in immune cells and in inflammatory tissues of some lesions. Serum levels of IL-32 in patients with hepatitis and 40 healthy controls were significantly higher than those in normal controls. Further tests were carried out to determine which cells and tissues were responsible for the production of high levels of IL-32 in the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatocytes were the predominant hepatitis B virus. There are also numerous reports that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can also be infected with low levels of hepatitis B virus. Therefore, we examined the expression of IL-32 in these two tissues and cells. Immunohistochemical examination of liver tissue sections showed that IL-32 in liver tissue sections of chronic hepatitis B (n=16) was water. The level of IL-32 mRNA in PBMC (n=17) of patients with chronic hepatitis B was significantly higher than that in normal controls (n=10). In hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and immune cell lines, the expression plasmid pHBV-1.3 could also induce IL-32 mRNA and protein. This indicates that both hepatocytes and IL-32 in PBMC are activated by hepatitis B virus infection and secretory IL-32 gamma is expressed, which makes the level of IL-32 in serum increase significantly.
To study the molecular biological mechanism of transcriptional regulation of hepatitis B virus-induced IL-32 expression, we first analyzed the promoter of the gene using P-mach software. The results showed that there were several cis-acting elements in the 750 BP core promoter region, including three NF-kappa B and one CREB binding site. These reporter plasmids were co-transfected with pHBV-1.3 or empty vector, and the luciferase activity assay showed that hepatitis B virus could induce transcription by activating the NF-kappa B site of IL-32 promoter. The BAY-11 experiment also showed that the endogenous IL-32 expression induced by hepatitis B virus was mostly inhibited when the pathway was inhibited. Chromosome immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assay showed that hepatitis B virus greatly promoted the binding of transcription factor P65 at the NF-kappa B site. Therefore, hepatitis B virus induced IL mainly by activating the NF-KB pathway at the transcriptional level. -32 expression.
We cloned the 3'untranslated region (UTR) of IL-32 and constructed a vector containing reporter gene. After co-transfection with pHBV-1.3, we found that hepatitis B virus could up-regulate the activity of UTR. This suggests that hepatitis B virus has a positive regulatory effect on the translation level of IL-32 expression. The 3'UTR of gene mRNA regulates the stability and translation activity of mRNA, which is an important intracellular translation level regulator. We used the microRNA binding prediction software to analyze and predict that more than 20 kinds of microRNAs may bind to the UTR. Based on the microarray screening results of hepatitis B virus-infected cell lines, we also referred to the previous reports. Four of the more than 20 kinds of (?) niRNA were found to be associated with hepatitis B virus infection. They were microRNAs - 29a, microRNAs - 29b, microRNAs - 29c, and microRNAs - 223. We co-transfected with IL-323'-UTR reporter plasmid. Luciferase assay showed that only microRNAs-29b significantly inhibited IL-323'UTR activity in the four microRNAs, and only microRNAs-29b enhanced IL-323' UTR activity in the four inhibitors. In order to further confirm the regulatory effect of microRNAs-29b on IL-32 expression, we transfected microRNAs-29b and its expression. The results showed that (?) niR-29b not only affected the activity of IL-323'UTR, but also regulated the expression of endogenous IL-32 in cells. The results showed that the UTR activity of the mutant was not affected by the microRNAs-29b and its inhibitors, thus confirming the binding sites predicted by the software. Finally, we detected the expression of microRNAs-29b in hepatitis B virus infection in cell lines and patient clinical samples. In order to study the relationship between the expression of IL-32 and microRNAs-29b during hepatitis B virus infection in vivo, we analyzed the correlation between the levels of microRNAs-29b and IL-32 in 17 PBMC samples from patients with chronic hepatitis B and 8 liver samples from patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Therefore, researchers believe that hepatitis B virus promotes the translation of IL-32 by inhibiting the level of microRNAs-29b, which is an important complement to the regulation mechanism of this inflammatory gene expression.
The role of IL-32 in hepatitis B, especially in viral infection and replication, is another important part of this study. In view of the reported activity of the six indirect isoforms of IL-32, we used IL-32 gamma to carry out antiviral experiments in the hepatitis B virus expression cell line HepG2.2.15. There was no significant change in the expression of HBV DNA and protein antigens, whether IL-32gamma was transfected or human recombinant protein was added. The presence of high levels of IL-32 in the serum of patients with hepatitis B inspired researchers to carry out antiviral experiments using a model simulating the real environment in vivo. HepG2.2.15 was cultured with the collected cell culture supernatant. The results showed that the replication and expression of hepatitis B virus were significantly inhibited by the supernatant. In addition, the cell culture supernatant of HIV, enterovirus-71 and hepatitis C was stimulated by recombinant IL-32 gamma protein. Researchers believe that there are effective antiviral molecules in the supernatant of this broad-spectrum antiviral cell culture. Based on the type I and type III interferon (IFN) which is the most effective antiviral factor found so far, we have carried out antibody neutralization experiments for both IFN. The antiviral effect of the supernatant neutralized by antibody to lambda-1 disappeared completely, suggesting that the recombinant IL-32gamma protein resulted in the expression of a large number of IFN-lambda-1 in the PBMC culture system and secreted into the supernatant, thus making it have antiviral effect. The fluorescence quantitative PCR assay for IFNs confirmed that IL-32gamma could induce the expression of IFN-lambda-1 in PBMC, while IFN-alpha and IFN-lambda- In-depth studies have shown that IL-32gamma can selectively induce the expression of this antiviral factor by activating a unique cluster of NF-kappa B sites at the distal end of the IFN-lambda 1 promoter. Antiviral effect, which also elucidates the pathway and mechanism of IL-32 antiviral.
We studied the 3'UTR of IFN-lambda 1 in the same way as IL-32. We screened and demonstrated that microRNAs-548 could bind to IFN-lambda 1 mRNA 3'UTR to regulate gene expression. This is an important complement to the mechanism of viral infection inducing IFN- gamma 1 and its mediated antiviral response.
【學位授予單位】:武漢大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:R512.62
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