【摘要】：目的:了解高中生艾滋病知、信、行現(xiàn)狀,開展健康教育等干預(yù)活動,評價干預(yù)效果,為高中學(xué)校有針對性開展艾滋病干預(yù)活動、預(yù)防艾滋病提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法:以就讀于南昌市轄區(qū)全日制城區(qū)高中和農(nóng)村縣高中學(xué)生作為調(diào)查對象,在南昌市、東湖區(qū)、高新區(qū)、紅谷灘區(qū)、經(jīng)開區(qū)、青山湖區(qū)、青云譜區(qū)、灣里區(qū)、西湖區(qū)、南昌縣、進(jìn)賢縣、安義縣、新建縣12個縣區(qū)分別隨機(jī)抽取1所高中;根據(jù)年級進(jìn)行分層整群抽樣,每個年級隨機(jī)抽查2個班,共抽取72個班。以問卷調(diào)查的方式對高中生的艾滋病知識知曉情況、艾滋病相關(guān)態(tài)度情況、艾滋病相關(guān)行為情況以及所在學(xué)校開展的預(yù)防艾滋病健康教育的現(xiàn)狀和需求情況進(jìn)行基線調(diào)查。完成調(diào)查后學(xué)校組織開展艾滋病健康教育活動,歷時一周,覆蓋已完成基線調(diào)查的年級和班級,健康教育活動內(nèi)容均以健康講座、專題宣傳和命題作文的形式進(jìn)行,干預(yù)后進(jìn)行追蹤調(diào)查。使用Epidata3.1建立數(shù)據(jù)庫,用SPSS20.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。剔除失訪后基線調(diào)查和追蹤調(diào)查分別調(diào)查3846名和3641名高中生。結(jié)果:健康教育干預(yù)后艾滋病基礎(chǔ)知識(81.9%)、傳播途徑知識(49.9%)、預(yù)防知識(33.6%)、其它相關(guān)知識(43.8%)和總的知曉率(46.5%)都有不同程度提高,干預(yù)前后差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,干預(yù)效果明顯。干預(yù)后高中生對艾滋病、艾滋病患者/感染者的態(tài)度總體上有所改善,對艾滋病認(rèn)識提高的同時更多的人認(rèn)同艾滋病患者/感染者繼續(xù)工作(42.5%)并對他們身份進(jìn)行保密(24.7%),愿意幫助和關(guān)愛他們(33.6%)。但是歧視態(tài)度和恐懼心理仍然存在。高中學(xué)生異性之間,性行為發(fā)生率男生(6.1%)高于女生(3.1%),差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ~2=18.26,P=0.00)。城市學(xué)生(5.0%)高于農(nóng)村學(xué)生(4.2%),差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ~2=1.29,P=0.256)。同性之間的艾滋病相關(guān)行為也應(yīng)受到重視。50%以上的高中生對于艾滋病知識最有需求的方面均是“傳播途徑”和“如何預(yù)防”。結(jié)論:健康教育干預(yù)后相關(guān)知識知曉率顯著增加,整體態(tài)度更加積極,但恐懼心理和歧視態(tài)度情況變化不大,存在艾滋病危險行為。應(yīng)發(fā)揮學(xué)校主導(dǎo)作用,采用相應(yīng)形式的教育活動,在高中積極開展健康教育,做好預(yù)防工作。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the current situation of AIDS knowledge, belief and practice in senior high school students, to carry out health education and other intervention activities, to evaluate the effect of intervention, and to provide scientific basis for AIDS prevention in high school. Methods: the students were investigated in Nanchang City District, Donghu District, High-tech Zone, Honggu Beach District, Jingkai District, Qingshan Lake District, Qingyun Spectrum District, Wan Li District and West Lake District. Nanchang County, Jinxian County, Anyi County, Xinjian County 12 counties were randomly selected from one high school; according to grade stratified cluster sampling, each grade random sampling 2 classes, a total of 72 classes. The status of AIDS knowledge, attitude and behavior of high school students as well as the status and needs of AIDS prevention health education in their schools were investigated by questionnaire. After the completion of the survey, the school organized and carried out AIDS health education activities, which lasted a week and covered all the grades and classes that had completed the baseline survey. The contents of the health education activities were carried out in the form of health lectures, thematic propaganda and propositional compositions. Follow-up investigation was carried out after intervention. Epidata3.1 is used to establish database and SPSS20.0 software is used for statistical analysis. Baseline survey and tracking survey were conducted in 3846 and 3641 high school students respectively. Results: the basic knowledge of AIDS (81.9%), the knowledge of the way of transmission (49.9%), the knowledge of prevention (33.6%), the other related knowledge (43.8%) and the total awareness rate (46.5%) after the intervention of health education were improved to some extent. The difference before and after intervention was statistically significant, and the effect of intervention was obvious. After the intervention, the attitude of high school students towards AIDS and AIDS patients / infected persons has improved on the whole. While raising the awareness of AIDS, more people agree that AIDS patients / infected persons continue to work (42.5%) and keep their identity confidential (24.7%), and are willing to help and care for them (33.6%). But discriminatory attitudes and fear persist. The incidence of sexual behavior in male students (6.1%) was higher than that in female students (3.1%), and the difference was statistically significant (蠂 ~ (2 / 2) 18.26 / P ~ (0.00). The difference between urban students (5.0%) and rural students (4.2%) was statistically significant (蠂 ~ (2) 1.29). AIDS-related behaviors of the same sex should also be paid attention to. More than 50% of the high school students have the most need for AIDS knowledge in the "way of transmission" and "how to prevent". Conclusion: after the intervention of health education, the awareness rate of related knowledge increased significantly, the overall attitude was more positive, but the situation of fear and discrimination changed little, and there was AIDS risk behavior. We should give play to the leading role of the school, adopt the corresponding form of educational activities, actively carry out health education in senior high school and do a good job of prevention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R512.91

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