慢病毒介導(dǎo)siRNA和細(xì)胞內(nèi)抗病毒因子對(duì)HIV抑制作用研究
本文選題:人類免疫缺陷病毒 + 基因治療。 參考:《北京工業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年博士論文
【摘要】:隨著人類免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)在全球蔓延,HIV感染已成為嚴(yán)重危害人類健康的疾病。高效抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒療法能夠顯著地改善AIDS患者的癥狀,但需要終身用藥,藥物帶來(lái)累積性毒性,一旦藥物治療失敗就會(huì)產(chǎn)生耐藥性病毒株。另一方面,現(xiàn)今還未找到一個(gè)完全有效的疫苗。隨著對(duì)控制HIV機(jī)制的了解,很多研究者開(kāi)始將注意力集中在基因治療,將它作為單獨(dú)的或者是輔助的治療方式。 RNA干擾技術(shù)通過(guò)靶向于結(jié)構(gòu)蛋白或者是調(diào)節(jié)蛋白,已經(jīng)有效地應(yīng)用于HIV的基因治療。由于siRNA在體內(nèi)不穩(wěn)定,很快就被降解,體外合成和質(zhì)粒介導(dǎo)的RNA干擾持續(xù)時(shí)間較短,不適用于長(zhǎng)期抑制基因表達(dá)。通過(guò)慢病毒載體表達(dá)編碼siRNA的shRNA在轉(zhuǎn)錄水平下調(diào)HIV病毒基因從而抑制病毒復(fù)制成為基因治療HIV一種重要的方式。將抗病毒基因?qū)氲礁杉?xì)胞的方式對(duì)基因治療達(dá)到長(zhǎng)期治療效果提供了希望。 在篩選出針對(duì)HIV-1的tat、vpr和rev特異性siRNA的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究分別構(gòu)建了含有相應(yīng)shRNA序列的重組慢病毒表達(dá)質(zhì)粒,并對(duì)靶向基因的干擾效果進(jìn)行了檢測(cè)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,在293T細(xì)胞中包裝出含有相應(yīng)shRNA序列的重組慢病毒并測(cè)定病毒滴度。將得到的重組慢病毒感染MT-4細(xì)胞,通過(guò)嘌呤霉素抗性篩選得到穩(wěn)定表達(dá)siRNA的MT-4細(xì)胞系,進(jìn)行HIV-1NL4-3毒株體外攻擊試驗(yàn),通過(guò)檢測(cè)培養(yǎng)上清中的P24蛋白含量來(lái)比較siRNA體外抑制病毒效果。結(jié)果表明,靶向于vpr的shRNA可以在轉(zhuǎn)錄水平上有效地抑制vpr的表達(dá),抑制率達(dá)到88.8%;靶向于tat的shRNA抑制率達(dá)到60.2%;穩(wěn)定表達(dá)vprshRNA或tatshRNA的MT-4細(xì)胞系能夠有效地抑制HIV的復(fù)制,短期內(nèi)培養(yǎng)基中沒(méi)有HIV的大量復(fù)制。 基于HARRT治療的經(jīng)驗(yàn),將多個(gè)抗HIV基因聯(lián)合應(yīng)用同樣可能起到更好的抗病毒效果,因此本研究還構(gòu)建了同時(shí)含有靶向于vpr和tat基因的雙shRNA的重組慢病毒表達(dá)質(zhì)粒,分別由人U6啟動(dòng)子和H1啟動(dòng)子控制表達(dá);體外與含有vpr及tat基因的質(zhì)粒共轉(zhuǎn)染表明該重組表達(dá)質(zhì)粒對(duì)vpr和tat基因在轉(zhuǎn)錄水平上的干擾效果分別達(dá)到89.2%和62.0%;將重組慢病毒質(zhì)粒與病毒包裝質(zhì)粒pNL4-3共轉(zhuǎn)染后,P24定量檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示對(duì)HIV病毒包裝的抑制率可以達(dá)到99.05%,比單獨(dú)表達(dá)靶向于vpr的shRNA或靶向tat的shRNA的抑制率都要高;包裝出重組慢病毒后感染MT-4細(xì)胞,同樣篩選穩(wěn)定表達(dá)siRNA的MT-4細(xì)胞系,HIVNL4-3病毒攻擊實(shí)驗(yàn)表明該細(xì)胞系可以有效地抑制病毒的復(fù)制。 此外,本研究還構(gòu)建了同時(shí)含有基因改造的人源的Trim5a(R332P)和靶向于vpr基因的shRNA的重組慢病毒雙表達(dá)質(zhì)粒,分別由巨細(xì)胞病毒CMV啟動(dòng)子和U6啟動(dòng)子控制表達(dá),兩種抗HIV基因在HIV生命周期的不同階段通過(guò)不同的機(jī)制去抑制病毒復(fù)制;共轉(zhuǎn)染實(shí)驗(yàn)表明重組慢病毒表達(dá)質(zhì)粒表達(dá)的vprshRNA可以在轉(zhuǎn)錄水平有效地抑制vpr基因的表達(dá),可以達(dá)到84.05%,對(duì)HIV病毒包裝的抑制率可以達(dá)到98.45%;Western blot結(jié)果表明改造的人源Trim5a(R332P)可以在細(xì)胞內(nèi)表達(dá),在TZM-BL細(xì)胞水平通過(guò)檢測(cè)Luciferase表達(dá)水平表明人源的Trim5a(R332P)對(duì)HIV假病毒的抑制率可以達(dá)到63.30%;HIV NL4-3病毒攻擊導(dǎo)入該重組慢病毒的陽(yáng)性MT4細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)表明該陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞系可以有效地抑制病毒的復(fù)制,證明含有Trim5a(R332P)和vprshRNA表達(dá)元件的聯(lián)合應(yīng)用具有明顯地抗HIV病毒效果。 含有siRNA的微粒子是通過(guò)細(xì)胞胞吐的方式將細(xì)胞內(nèi)表達(dá)的siRNA包裹著細(xì)胞膜分泌到細(xì)胞外。細(xì)胞膜成分不僅可以提高siRNA的體外穩(wěn)定性,而且由于生物膜成分的相似性可提高siRNA導(dǎo)入靶細(xì)胞的效率。為降低其免疫原性和提高親和性,本研究選用低免疫原性的臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞作為微粒子的制備宿主細(xì)胞。首先,通過(guò)重組慢病毒感染的方式將人端粒酶催化亞基(hTERT)導(dǎo)入細(xì)胞,提高間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞的分化增殖能力,并對(duì)傳代后細(xì)胞的干細(xì)胞性進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。其次,導(dǎo)入含有靶向HIV-1的shRNA的重組慢病毒建立了能夠持續(xù)產(chǎn)生細(xì)胞微粒子的間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞系。結(jié)果表明,篩選到的陽(yáng)性hucMSCs克隆在基因組DNA和mRNA水平檢測(cè)了hTERT基因的表達(dá)水平;該細(xì)胞系在體外已經(jīng)持續(xù)培養(yǎng)105代,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)人臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞的分裂增值界限;TRAP-PCR證實(shí)該細(xì)胞系恢復(fù)了端粒酶活性;流式細(xì)胞儀結(jié)果顯示建立的hucMSCs-htert細(xì)胞表面有人間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞特異性表面標(biāo)記,如CD29,CD44和CD105,不表達(dá)CD106、CD45、CD19和HLA-DR;hucMSCs-htert細(xì)胞在刺激成骨培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)后,堿性磷酸酶染色表明細(xì)胞能夠向成骨細(xì)胞進(jìn)行分化,證明該細(xì)胞系仍然保持體外分化的潛能;核型分析表明該細(xì)胞具有46XY二倍體核型,,在SCID小鼠體內(nèi)不能形成腫瘤,表明該細(xì)胞還沒(méi)有致瘤傾向,是安全的。并對(duì)細(xì)胞微粒子的制備、對(duì)靶向基因的抑制效果進(jìn)行了初步研究,該細(xì)胞微?梢杂糜贖IV的基因治療。 綜上所述,本研究采用慢病毒介導(dǎo)靶向于HIV-1調(diào)控基因的單個(gè)shRNA、雙shRNA、經(jīng)基因改造過(guò)的Trim5a(R332P)和vprshRNA組合的重組慢病毒載體,并且檢測(cè)了它們對(duì)HIV的抑制效果。抗HIV重組慢病毒載體可以有效地感染人臍帶造血干細(xì)胞,兩種shRNA共同應(yīng)用及不同抗HIV基因的聯(lián)合應(yīng)用為HIV的基因治療提供了新的策略。另外成功地建立了永生化的人臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞系,證明了外源表達(dá)人端粒酶催化亞基可以重構(gòu)端粒酶的活性并能夠增強(qiáng)細(xì)胞的增值活性;該細(xì)胞系維持了細(xì)胞的形態(tài)、細(xì)胞表面抗原和正常的二倍體細(xì)胞核型,在繼代培養(yǎng)中仍保持了分化潛能,在SCID小鼠體內(nèi)沒(méi)有形成腫瘤,該細(xì)胞系為基因治療、細(xì)胞治療和組織工程提供了充足的細(xì)胞來(lái)源。該細(xì)胞系免疫原性非常低,被應(yīng)用于制備含有靶向于HIV-1基因的成熟的siRNA的生物納米微粒子,作為新型的HIV的基因治療的一種方式。
[Abstract]:With the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the world, HIV infection has become a serious harm to human health. High performance antiretroviral therapy can significantly improve the symptoms of AIDS patients, but it needs life-long medication, the drug brings cumulative toxicity. Once the drug treatment fails, the drug resistant strain can be produced. On the other hand, it is present. A full - effective vaccine has not been found yet. With understanding of the control of the HIV mechanism, many researchers began to focus on gene therapy as a separate or auxiliary treatment.
RNA interfering technology has been effectively applied to HIV gene therapy by targeting structural proteins or regulating proteins. Because siRNA is unstable in the body, it is quickly degraded. The duration of RNA interference in vitro synthesis and plasmid mediated interference is short, and it is not suitable for long-term inhibition of gene expression. SiRNA shRNA is expressed by lentivirus vector. It is an important way to reduce the HIV virus gene at transcriptional level and thus inhibit virus replication as a gene therapy HIV. The way to introduce the antiviral gene into the stem cells provides hope for the long-term effect of gene therapy.
On the basis of screening HIV-1 specific tat, Vpr and rev specific siRNA, the recombinant lentivirus expressing plasmid containing corresponding shRNA sequence was constructed and the interference effect of the target gene was detected. On this basis, the recombinant lentivirus containing corresponding shRNA sequence was packed in 293T cells and the virus titer was measured. The recombinant lentivirus infected MT-4 cells were obtained by screening the MT-4 cell line that stably expressed siRNA through the resistance of the purinomycin resistance. The HIV-1NL4-3 strain in vitro attack test was carried out. The P24 protein content in the culture supernatant was detected to compare the effect of the siRNA in vitro inhibition of the virus. The results showed that the shRNA targeted to Vpr could be at the transcriptional level. The inhibition rate of Vpr was 88.8%, the inhibition rate of shRNA target to Tat reached 60.2%, and the MT-4 cell line expressing vprshRNA or tatshRNA could effectively inhibit the replication of HIV, and there was no large copy of HIV in the short term medium.
Based on the experience of HARRT therapy, combined application of multiple anti HIV genes may also be a better antiviral effect. Therefore, a recombinant lentivirus expression plasmid containing both Vpr and tat genes is also constructed, which is expressed by human U6 promoter and H1 promoter, respectively, and plasmids containing Vpr and tat genes in vitro. Co transfection showed that the recombinant expression plasmid interfered with Vpr and tat gene at the transcription level of 89.2% and 62%, respectively. After CO transfection of recombinant lentivirus plasmid and viral package plasmid pNL4-3, the P24 quantitative detection results showed that the inhibition rate of HIV virus package could reach 99.05%, compared to shRNA or target targeted to Vpr alone. The inhibition rate of shRNA in Tat is high; MT-4 cells are infected after the recombinant lentivirus is packaged and the MT-4 cell line that expresses siRNA is also screened. The HIVNL4-3 virus attack experiment shows that the cell line can effectively inhibit the replication of the virus.
In addition, the recombinant human Trim5a (R332P) and the recombinant lentivirus double expression plasmid targeting the shRNA of vpr gene were also constructed, which were controlled by cytomegalovirus CMV promoter and U6 promoter respectively. The two anti HIV genes inhibited the replication of the virus by different mechanisms at the different stages of HIV life cycle. The co transfection test showed that the vprshRNA expressed by recombinant Lentivirus Expression Plasmid could effectively inhibit the expression of vpr gene at the transcriptional level, reach 84.05%, and the inhibition rate of HIV virus package could reach 98.45%. Western blot results showed that the transformed human Trim5a (R332P) could be expressed in cells and detected at the level of TZM-BL cells. The expression level of Luciferase showed that the inhibitory rate of human Trim5a (R332P) to HIV pseudo virus could reach 63.30%, and the positive MT4 cell test of HIV NL4-3 virus attacking the recombinant lentivirus showed that the positive cell line could effectively inhibit the replication of the virus and proved the joint utensil containing Trim5a (R332P) and vprshRNA expression elements. There is an obvious anti HIV virus effect.
The particles containing siRNA are secreted by the cell membrane through cell exocytosis. The cell membrane composition not only improves the stability of the siRNA in vitro, but also improves the efficiency of the siRNA into the target cells because of the similarity of the biofilm components. In order to reduce the immunogenicity and improve the affinity, the cell membrane composition can reduce the immunogenicity and enhance the affinity of the cells. The study selected low immunogenic umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells as microparticles to prepare host cells. First, human telomerase catalyzed subunit (hTERT) was introduced into cells by recombinant lentivirus infection, and the differentiation and proliferation ability of mesenchymal stem cells was improved, and the stem cell properties of the cells were detected. Secondly, the target was introduced into the target. The recombinant lentivirus of shRNA, HIV-1, was established to produce mesenchymal stem cells that could continue to produce cell particles. The results showed that the screened positive hucMSCs clones detected the expression level of the hTERT gene at the genomic DNA and mRNA levels; the cell line had been cultured for 105 generations in vitro, far more than the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. TRAP-PCR confirmed that the cell line resumed the telomerase activity, and the flow cytometry showed that the surface of the hucMSCs-htert cells had the specific surface markers of human MSCs, such as CD29, CD44 and CD105, and did not express CD106, CD45, CD19 and HLA-DR; hucMSCs-htert cells were cultured in the bone culture medium. Sex phosphatase staining shows that the cells can differentiate into osteoblasts and prove that the cell line still maintains the potential of differentiation in vitro. Karyotype analysis shows that the cell has 46XY diploid karyotype and can not form a tumor in SCID mice. It indicates that the cell has no tumorigenic tendency and is safe. The inhibitory effect of the gene has been preliminarily studied, which can be used for gene therapy of HIV.
To sum up, the present study uses lentivirus to mediate the single shRNA, double shRNA, recombinant lentivirus vector of the genetically modified Trim5a (R332P) and vprshRNA, and the inhibition effect on HIV. The anti HIV recombinant lentivirus vector can effectively infect human umbilical cord hematopoietic stem cells and two shRNA altogether. The combination of the same application and different anti HIV genes provides a new strategy for the gene therapy of HIV. In addition, the immortalized human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell line has been successfully established. It is proved that the exogenously expressed human telomerase catalyzed subunit can restructure the telomerase activity and enhance the cell value added activity; this cell line maintains the cell. Morphology, cell surface antigen and normal diploid cell karyotype still retain the differentiation potential in subculture, and there is no tumor in SCID mice. This cell line provides a sufficient cell source for gene therapy, cell therapy and tissue engineering. The cell line is very low immunogenicity and is used to prepare the target to HIV-1. The gene's mature siRNA nanoparticle is a new way of gene therapy for HIV.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號(hào)】:R512.91
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