本文選題：村民 + 鉤蟲感染　； 參考：《中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的： 了解海南省農(nóng)村鉤蟲病高發(fā)地區(qū)的鉤蟲感染情況；研究分析影響村民鉤蟲感染的家庭環(huán)境和個(gè)人行為因素；分析鉤蟲感染的家庭聚集性。 方法： 選取海南省鉤蟲感染率較高的定安縣新竹鎮(zhèn)和五指山市毛陽鎮(zhèn)作為調(diào)查地區(qū),從中選取高感染率的自然村作為調(diào)查點(diǎn),選擇10歲以上且現(xiàn)居住在本村的所有村民作為調(diào)查對象。采用統(tǒng)一設(shè)計(jì)的調(diào)查問卷和訪談提綱調(diào)查村民個(gè)人衛(wèi)生行為、家庭和村環(huán)境衛(wèi)生情況。所有調(diào)查對象均采集糞便樣本,并用改良加藤厚涂片法進(jìn)行鉤蟲卵檢測,同時(shí)在所有調(diào)查點(diǎn)均采集村土壤樣本,并用鹽水分離法進(jìn)行鉤蚴檢測。調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)采用EpiData3.1進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)錄入,運(yùn)用單因素和多因素非條件logistic回歸分析對影響因素進(jìn)行分析,運(yùn)用二項(xiàng)分布擬合原理對家庭聚集性進(jìn)行分析,數(shù)據(jù)分析采用SAS9.2統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件。 結(jié)果： 1.本次調(diào)查共收集到有效糞便樣品的村民數(shù)為2011人,鉤蟲感染率為31.58%,98.11%為輕度感染。其中黎族1000人,鉤蟲標(biāo)化感染率為32.41%；漢族1011人,鉤蟲標(biāo)化感染率為31.08%。兩民族標(biāo)化感染率無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(χ2=0.4178,P0.05)。 2.本次調(diào)查的635例鉤蟲感染者中,男性感染率為26.69%,女性感染率為36.59%,女性感染率高于男性(χ2=22.8017,P0.05)。 3.本次調(diào)查共采集20個(gè)村的90份土壤樣本,鉤蚴檢出率為37.78%。其中60份來自田地,鉤蚴檢出率為20.00%；30份來自集中露天排便處,鉤蚴檢出率為73.33%,兩者有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,其χ2=24.2017,P0.05。 4.本次調(diào)查的835戶家庭供水量較充足,家庭總體環(huán)境衛(wèi)生一般,庭院地而硬化的家庭占59.40%;院內(nèi)及周邊有植物種植的家庭占62.87%;無廁所的家庭占45.63%；在有廁所的家庭中,衛(wèi)生廁所占68.94%；糞便無害化處理的家庭占55.73%。 5.所調(diào)查的村民中,不知道鉤蟲病的占69.37%；下地勞動(dòng)的占90.80%,其中男性占總調(diào)查人數(shù)的45.65%,女性占45.15%,兩者無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,其χ2=2.4606,P0.05；在下地勞動(dòng)的人中,下地勞動(dòng)光腳的占86.58%；無任何防護(hù)措施的占34.01%；下地回來通常洗手認(rèn)為是正確的衛(wèi)生行為,46.44%的村民能夠做到。男女性別分開來看,男性赤腳勞動(dòng)的占83.88%,女性占89.32%,兩者有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,其φ2=11.6252,P0.05；男性無任何防護(hù)措施的占31.81%,女性占36.23%,兩者有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,其χ2=3.9831,P0.05；48.37%的男性能夠做到下地回來洗手,女性為44.49%,兩者無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,其χ2=2.7524,P0.05。 6.多因素logistic回歸模型分析顯示,年齡、性別、教育程度、下地有無防護(hù)措施、下地回來洗手、是否知曉鉤蟲病、家庭有無廁所、家庭總體環(huán)境衛(wèi)生等八個(gè)因素有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,是村民鉤蟲感染的影響因素,其OR值分別為1.234(1.155～1.318)、1.340(1.072～1.673)、1.503(1.262～1.789)、3.572(2.691～4.741)、1.988(1.497～2.639)、1.251(1.087～1.439)、2.428(1.919～3.073)、1.226(1.015～1.481)。 7.鉤蟲感染的家庭聚集性分析顯示,該地鉤蟲感染存在家庭聚集性,其χ2=79.33,P0.05。 結(jié)論： 1.村民鉤蟲感染率仍處于較高水平,但多數(shù)為輕度感染,兩民族間鉤蟲感染率無差異。 2.當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)o廁所戶數(shù)較多,衛(wèi)生廁所覆蓋率較低。 3.鉤蟲感染的個(gè)人行為影響因素為下地勞動(dòng)有無防護(hù)措施和下地回來洗手。 4.村民鉤蟲感染影響因素的危險(xiǎn)性由高到低依次為下地有無防護(hù)措施、家庭有無廁所、下地回來洗手、教育程度、性別、是否知曉鉤蟲病、年齡以及家庭總體環(huán)境衛(wèi)生。 5.鉤蟲感染存在家庭聚集性。
[Abstract]:Purpose :

To understand the hookworm infection in the high incidence area of rural hookworm in Hainan Province ;
The study and analysis of the family environment and personal behavior factors that influence the infection of villagers ' hookworm infection .
To analyze the family aggregation of hookworm infection .

Method :

In this paper , the survey data was collected from the village soil samples collected by EpiData3.1 , and analyzed by means of single factor and multi - factor non - conditional logistic regression analysis . The data were analyzed by using the binomial distribution fitting principle .

Results :

1 . The number of villagers collected in this survey was 2011 , the infection rate of hookworm was 31.58 % and 98.11 % was mild infection . Among them , the infection rate of hookworm was 32.41 % .
There was no statistical difference between the two groups ( 蠂2 = 0.4178 , P0.05 ) .

2 . Among the 635 cases of hookworm infection , the infection rate of male was 26.69 % , the female infection rate was 36.59 % , and the female infection rate was higher than that of the male ( 蠂2 = 22.8017 , P0.05 ) .

3 . This survey collected 90 samples of soil samples from 20 villages , the detection rate of hookworm was 37.78 % . Among them , 60 were from field and the detection rate of hookworm was 20.00 % .
The detection rate of hookworm was 73.33 % , which was statistically significant ( 蠂2 = 24.2017 , P0.05 ) .

4 . The household water supply of 835 households in the survey is more adequate , the general sanitation of the family is general , the family that hardens in the courtyard accounts for 59.40 % , the family and the surrounding plants occupy 62.87 % , and the family without toilet accounts for 45.63 % ;
Among the households with toilets , the sanitary toilets accounted for 68.94 per cent ;
The non - hazardous waste of feces accounts for 55.73 % .

5 . Among the villagers surveyed , 69.37 % of hookworm was not known ;
The total number of male and female were 45.65 % and 45.15 % , respectively . There was no statistical difference between them ( 蠂2 = 2.4606 , P0.05 ) .
Among the people who work in the lower land , the lower ground of labor is 86.58 % ;
34.01 % without any protective measures ;
When the male and female were separated , 83.88 % of male ' s barefoot labor and 89.32 % of women were statistically different , which was 2 = 11.6252 , P0.05 ;
There were 31 . 81 % of men without any protective measures and 36.23 % for women . There was statistical difference between them ( 蠂 2 = 3.9831 , P0.05 ) .
48.37 % of men were able to come back to wash their hands and 44.49 % for women . There was no statistical difference between them ( 蠂2 = 2.7524 , P0.05 ) .

6 . The multivariate logistic regression model showed that age , sex , education level , presence or absence of protective measures , back washing of hands , whether hookworm disease , family absence toilet , family overall environmental sanitation and so on were significant . The OR values were 1.234 ( 1.155 - 1.318 ) , 1.340 ( 1.072 - 1.673 ) , 1.503 ( 1.262 - 1.789 ) , 3.572 ( 2.691 - 4.741 ) , 1.988 ( 1.497 - 2.639 ) , 1.251 ( 1.087 - 1.439 ) , 2.428 ( 1.919 - 3.073 ) and 1.226 ( 1.015 - 1.481 ) , respectively .

7 . The family clustering analysis of hookworm infection showed that there was family aggregation in hookworm infection ( 蠂2 = 79.33 , P0.05 ) .

Conclusion :

1 . The infection rate of hookworm in villagers was still at a higher level , but most of them were mild infection , and there was no difference between the infection rate of hookworm in the two countries .

2 . There is a large number of non - toilets in the area , and the coverage of sanitary toilets is low .

3 . The influence factors of the individual behavior of hookworm infection are the protection measures and the hand washing .

4 . The risk of the influencing factors of villagers ' hookworm infection is from high to low , whether there is any protective measure , whether the family has a toilet , the next return to wash the hand , the degree of education , sex , the knowledge of hookworm , age and the general environmental sanitation of the family .

5 . There is family aggregation in hookworm infection .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R532.12

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