發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-27 15:17

  本文選題：地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS） + 廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)�。� 參考：《大理學(xué)院》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：【目的】 根據(jù)福壽螺、褐云瑪瑙螺、廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)等物種的發(fā)育零點(diǎn)溫度和有效累積積溫，運(yùn)用地理信息系統(tǒng)（Geographical information system，GIS）分別預(yù)測(cè)其在云南省的適生區(qū)域；參考預(yù)測(cè)圖選擇多次暴發(fā)廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)病疫情的分布于昆明市的滇池、陽(yáng)宗海流域開(kāi)展廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)病流行病學(xué)調(diào)查，從而全面了解滇池、陽(yáng)宗海兩大高原湖泊流域內(nèi)有無(wú)福壽螺、褐云瑪瑙螺以及廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)的自然分布及感染情況；調(diào)查本地居民對(duì)廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)病相關(guān)知識(shí)的知曉程度、廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)病的感染情況及特征，明確昆明市售螺螄來(lái)源，從控制傳染源、切斷傳播途徑、保護(hù)易感人群三方面入手，為制定廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)病在當(dāng)?shù)亓餍械姆揽夭呗蕴峁┛茖W(xué)依據(jù)。 【方法】 首先，收集、統(tǒng)計(jì)近年來(lái)云南省32個(gè)氣象站點(diǎn)月均氣溫，根據(jù)物種發(fā)育的零點(diǎn)溫度和有效積溫原理，結(jié)合GIS軟件（Arc GIS），建立福壽螺、褐云瑪瑙螺、廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)在云南省的理論分布區(qū)域圖，并用已知數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)其進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。 然后結(jié)合預(yù)測(cè)圖，選擇滇池、陽(yáng)宗海流域進(jìn)行流行病學(xué)調(diào)查。捕撈流域內(nèi)河流、湖泊、水溝內(nèi)螺螄，采集當(dāng)?shù)厮a(chǎn)市場(chǎng)、農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)、餐館內(nèi)螺螄、龍蝦等，拍照鑒種；選擇人群聚居區(qū)、湖周邊捕鼠，拍照、鑒定鼠種、雌雄和成幼后，活鼠股動(dòng)脈取血留存；選取流域內(nèi)居民，知情同意后進(jìn)行與廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)病有關(guān)的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查同時(shí)采集血清。 實(shí)驗(yàn)室中采用胃蛋白酶消化法和（或）肺檢法檢查螺螄、小蝦、牛蛙、龍蝦廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)三期幼蟲(chóng)的感染情況；鼠類解剖后，撕碎心肺組織檢查血管內(nèi)有無(wú)廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)成蟲(chóng)寄生；采集到的鼠血清、人血清分別用相應(yīng)試劑盒檢測(cè)廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)特異性IgG抗體。 最后應(yīng)用Epidata、Excel、SPSS等軟件對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行錄入及統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。 【結(jié)果】 建立了福壽螺、褐云瑪瑙螺、廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)在云南省適生區(qū)分布圖，并對(duì)福壽螺、褐云瑪瑙螺的預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。其中滇池、陽(yáng)宗海流域溫度條件均達(dá)到福壽螺、廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)發(fā)育完成一個(gè)世代的最低條件，而褐云瑪瑙螺在此區(qū)域并不適生。 明確了滇池采集的螺螄以蘿卜螺、環(huán)棱螺、中國(guó)圓田螺為主，陽(yáng)宗海內(nèi)的螺螄主要有環(huán)棱螺、福壽螺、蘿卜螺；掌握了昆明市官渡區(qū)木水花野生菌海鮮綜合批發(fā)市場(chǎng)、和平村農(nóng)貿(mào)海鮮綜合廣場(chǎng)和五華區(qū)篆新綜合批發(fā)市場(chǎng)出售的主要螺種為福壽螺、環(huán)棱螺，其中福壽螺來(lái)源主要為廣西以及云南的紅河、瑞麗等地；滇池流域檢測(cè)湖泊內(nèi)、市場(chǎng)螺螄5批次共1364只，未檢獲廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)陽(yáng)性螺螄，檢測(cè)龍蝦、青蛙、小蝦共341只，未見(jiàn)陽(yáng)性。陽(yáng)宗海流域的陽(yáng)宗鎮(zhèn)、湯池鎮(zhèn)、草甸鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)未見(jiàn)生螺螄售賣(mài)，檢測(cè)湖泊內(nèi)福壽螺、蘿卜螺、環(huán)棱螺共計(jì)1366只，未檢到廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)幼蟲(chóng)。 兩湖流域共檢查鼠類三種426只，所調(diào)查區(qū)域褐家鼠占比為82%（349/426），為當(dāng)?shù)貎?yōu)勢(shì)鼠種，其次為黃胸鼠（16%）和小家鼠（2%）。解剖檢查鼠心肺組織238份，未檢獲廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)；檢測(cè)鼠血清廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)IgG抗體267份，未見(jiàn)抗體陽(yáng)性樣本。 對(duì)滇池、陽(yáng)宗海周?chē)彐?zhèn)部分居民入戶調(diào)查，被調(diào)查者對(duì)廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)及廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)病知曉率僅為8.2%（55/671），46.5%（322/690）的被調(diào)查者曾吃過(guò)螺螄，烹飪方法多為爆炒、涼拌等。 兩湖共抽樣調(diào)查690份人血清，廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)IgG抗體陽(yáng)性率1%（7/690）。陽(yáng)性血清抗體OD平均值0.193，抗體陽(yáng)性7人均無(wú)頭痛、頭暈、脖子發(fā)硬等癥狀，其中4人否認(rèn)有吃過(guò)螺螄、青蛙等流行病學(xué)史，所以7份陽(yáng)性血清均不能診斷為廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)感染。 【結(jié)論】 1.滇池、陽(yáng)宗海流域溫度條件均適宜福壽螺、廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)的生長(zhǎng)、繁殖；陽(yáng)宗海內(nèi)已有福壽螺入侵并繁殖下來(lái)。兩湖流域溫度條件不適宜褐云瑪瑙螺生長(zhǎng)、繁殖。 2.滇池、陽(yáng)宗海流域均發(fā)現(xiàn)廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)中間宿主環(huán)棱螺的自然生長(zhǎng)。 3.湖泊內(nèi)捕撈的螺螄、蝦、小龍蝦等宿主未檢測(cè)到廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)幼蟲(chóng)；昆明市市售福壽螺未檢測(cè)到廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)幼蟲(chóng)。 4.滇池、陽(yáng)宗海流域內(nèi)鼠類未檢測(cè)到廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)。 5.居民飲食衛(wèi)生健康教育亟待加強(qiáng)，流域內(nèi)居民對(duì)廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)及廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)病知曉率較低，，46.5%的被調(diào)查者食用過(guò)螺螄，廣州管圓線蟲(chóng)病暴發(fā)流行的因素仍然存在。 6.結(jié)合物種發(fā)育的基本條件，GIS軟件可以很好的預(yù)測(cè)目的地環(huán)境是否適合該物種生存，從而為流行病學(xué)調(diào)查選點(diǎn)提供有意義的參考，為制定防控疾病在該區(qū)域的暴發(fā)流行的策略提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Purpose of the project

According to the developmental zero temperature and effective cumulative accumulated temperature of species such as the snail , the brown cloud agate snail , the Angiostrongylus Guangzhou , and so on , the adaptability information system ( GIS ) is used to predict the region of the adaptability in Yunnan Province , respectively .
The distribution of the epidemic situation of Angiostrongylus taiwanensis in Kunming and the epidemiological investigation of angiostrongyliasis in the Yangzonghai river basin were carried out on the basis of the reference forecast chart , so as to understand the natural distribution and infection of the snails , the brown clouds and the Angiostrongylus in the lake basins of the two large plateau of the Lake , Yangzonghai and the Yangzonghai .
To investigate the knowledge degree of the local residents ' knowledge about the Angiostrongyciasis in Guangzhou , the infection situation and characteristics of Angiostrongylus in Guangzhou , the source of the snail in Kunming , the source of infection , the way of cutting propagation and the protection of the susceptible population are discussed . The scientific basis is provided for the development of the control strategy of Angiostrongyliasis in Guangzhou .

Methodology

First , the monthly average temperature of 32 meteorological stations in Yunnan Province was collected and counted in recent years . According to the zero temperature and effective accumulated temperature principle of species development , combined with the GIS software ( Arc GIS ) , the theoretical distribution region diagram of the snails and Angiostrongylus helenensis in Yunnan Province was established , and verified by known data .

Then , according to the forecast map , select Dian Chi and Yangzonghai river basin to carry on the epidemiological investigation , capture river , lake and ditch inner spiral snail in the river basin , collect local aquatic product market , agricultural and trade market , restaurant inner snail , lobster and so on , take photo identification ;
selecting a population settlement region , a lake periphery mouse trap , photographing , identifying a mouse species , female and male and young , and taking blood to retain the living rat femoral artery ;
The residents in the watershed were selected to carry out the questionnaire survey of Angiostrongyciasis in Guangzhou after informed consent , and the serum was collected .

Pepsin digestion and / or pulmonary examination were used to examine the infection of three larvae of snail , shrimp , bullfrog and lobster in Guangzhou .
After the rodents were dissected , the heart and lung tissues were torn and examined for the presence or absence of the parasitic nematode of Angiostrongylus in the blood vessel .
The specific IgG antibody of Angiostrongylus Guangzhou was detected by using the kit in serum and human serum respectively .

Finally , the results were recorded and analyzed by Epidata , Excel and SPSS .

The result is not valid .

In this paper , we have established the distribution map of the snails and the Angiostrongylus helenensis in Yunnan Province in Yunnan Province , and verified the results of the prediction of the snail . The temperature conditions of the lake and Yangzonghai river basin all reach the minimum condition of one generation , and the brown cloud agate snail is not in this area .

In this paper , it is clear that the snails collected in the Dian Lake are mainly composed of radish snail , spiral ridge and Chinese circular snail , and the snail in Yangzonghai is mainly composed of spiral , snail and turnip .
It has mastered the comprehensive wholesale market of the wild bacteria of the wild mushroom in the Guandu District of Kunming , and the main snail species which are sold in the new comprehensive wholesale market of the seafood comprehensive square and the Wuhua district of the Heping Village , are as follows : The source of the snail is mainly Guangxi and the Honghe , Ruili and the like in Yunnan ;
In the lake of Dian Lake , there were 1364 positive snails in the market , and there were 341 positive snails of Angiostrongylus in Guangzhou , and 341 of them were not detected . There were no positive cases in Yang Zongzhen , Tangchi town and meadow township agricultural product market in Yangzonghai River .

There were three 426 rodents in the two lakes , 82 % ( 349 / 426 ) and 82 % ( 349 / 426 ) in the investigated area .
No antibody positive samples were found in 267 parts of IgG antibody of Angiostrongylus incognita in the serum of mice .

According to the survey of the residents of the villages and towns around the Lake and Yangzonghai Sea , the rate of awareness of Angiostrongylus and Angiostrongylus in Guangzhou was only 8.2 % ( 55 / 671 ) , 46 . 5 % ( 322 / 690 ) .

The positive rate of IgG was 1 % ( 7 / 690 ) . The mean OD of positive serum antibody was 0.193 . There was no headache , dizziness , hard neck , etc .

Conclusion

1 . The temperature conditions of Dian Lake and Yangzonghai river basin are suitable for the growth and reproduction of T .
In Yangzonghai , it has been invaded and propagated . The temperature condition of the two lakes is not suitable for the growth and propagation of the brown clouds .

2 . The natural growth was found in the central host of Angiostrongylus in the Yangzonghai river basin .

3 . The host of snail , shrimp and crawfish caught in the lake did not detect the larvae of Angiostrongylus in Guangzhou ;
The larvae of Angiostrongylus incognita were not detected in the city of Kunming .

4 . There were no angiostrongynemattes in Guangzhou , Yangzonghai river basin .

5 . The health education of residents ' eating and health needs to be strengthened . The residents of the river basin have low awareness of Angiostrongylus and Angiostrongylus in Guangzhou .

6 . Combined with the basic condition of species development , GIS software can predict whether the destination environment is suitable for the survival of the species , so as to provide meaningful reference for epidemiological survey and provide theoretical basis for the development of prevention and control diseases in the region .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大理學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R532.1

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