本文選題：消除瘧疾　切入點：海南省　出處：《中國熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)》2016年04期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：瘧疾是危害海南人民群眾健康的重要寄生蟲病之一,且因氣溫全年皆適宜按蚊生長和瘧原蟲子孢子在蚊體內(nèi)的發(fā)育和繁殖,故當?shù)丿懠步K年傳播無休止期。1956年全省瘧疾調(diào)查顯示,居民瘧原蟲帶蟲率及脾腫率分別為40.3%及69.6%。自1959年開始在全島開展大規(guī)�？汞�,1969年,海南省瘧疾發(fā)病率為159.2/萬,此后發(fā)病率持續(xù)下降,至1977年下降至30.5/萬,1978年發(fā)病率上升1倍多,為63.44/萬,此后雖個別年份發(fā)病率有所上升,但總體呈下降趨勢,至1999年,瘧疾年發(fā)病率降至4.57/萬。2010年,海南省按照國家的《中國消除瘧疾行動計劃(2010—2020)》開展消除瘧疾工作,病例數(shù)持續(xù)減少,并在2012年首次實現(xiàn)無本地報告瘧疾病例,至2014年,海南省連續(xù)3年無本地瘧疾病例報告。2014年屯昌縣、文昌市陸續(xù)通過了省級消除瘧疾考核。2010—2014年,市縣級政府合計撥付1 403.39萬元用于開展消除瘧疾工作。近幾年海南省開展消除瘧疾的主要工作內(nèi)容是:1發(fā)熱病人血檢;2病例報告、治療、個案調(diào)查及疫點處置;3技能培訓(xùn);4健康教育等。2010—2014年,每年血檢率達1.28%~2.05%。所有網(wǎng)報病例均嚴格按照1-3-7模式開展防控措施,防止二代病例出現(xiàn)。足夠的經(jīng)費投入保障了大規(guī)模培訓(xùn)專業(yè)人員及群眾健康教育措施的實施,2010—2014年培訓(xùn)瘧疾防治管理人員、臨床醫(yī)生及檢驗人員共16 854人次,發(fā)放各式健康教育資料共170多萬份。雖已取得階段性的成果,但在消除瘧疾過程中我們?nèi)匀幻媾R很多的困難與挑戰(zhàn)。首先是部門間合作機制有待加強;第二是輸入性病例造成的威脅;第三是一些關(guān)鍵性技術(shù)難題尚未解決;第四是基層瘧防人員有所削弱;第五是宣傳力度仍然不夠。
[Abstract]:Malaria is one of the important parasitic diseases that harm the health of the people in Hainan, and because the temperature is suitable for the growth of Anopheles mosquito and the development and reproduction of Plasmodium parasite sporozoites in the body of mosquitoes throughout the year, In 1956, the incidence of malaria parasite and spleen swelling were 40.3% and 69.60.The incidence of malaria in Hainan Province was 159.2 / 10 000 in 1969, and the incidence of malaria was 159.2 / 10 000 in Hainan Province since 1959, the incidence of malaria in Hainan Province was 1 592 / 10 000, the incidence of malaria in Hainan Province was 1 592 / 10 000 in 1969, and the incidence of malaria in Hainan Province was 1 592 / 10 000. Since then, the incidence rate has continued to decrease, from 1977 to 350 / 10 000, and on 1978, the incidence rate more than doubled to 634 / 10 000. After that, the incidence of malaria decreased to 45.7 / 10 000 in 1999, although the incidence rate increased in individual years, but it showed a general trend of decline, by 1999, the annual incidence of malaria had dropped to 45.7 / 10 000. Hainan Province carried out malaria eradication work in accordance with the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Malaria in China (2010-2020). The number of cases continued to decrease. In 2012, no locally reported cases of malaria were reported for the first time, and by 2014, Hainan Province did not report local malaria cases for the third consecutive year. In 2014, in Tunchang County, Wenchang City passed the provincial malaria elimination assessment from 2010 to 2014. The municipal and county governments have allocated a total of fourteen million thirty-three thousand and nine hundred yuan for malaria eradication work. In recent years, the main work of eliminating malaria in Hainan Province is to report and treat two blood cases of one febrile patient. From 2010 to 2014, the annual blood test rate reached 1.28% and 2.05%. All the cases reported online were strictly carried out in accordance with the 1-3-7 model for prevention and control. Prevention of second-generation cases. Adequate funding has ensured the implementation of large-scale training measures for health education for professionals and the general public. In 2010-2014, malaria control and management personnel were trained, including 16,854 clinicians and laboratory workers. More than 1.7 million copies of various kinds of health education materials have been distributed. Although we have achieved periodic results, we still face many difficulties and challenges in the process of eliminating malaria. First, the Intersectoral cooperation mechanism needs to be strengthened; The second is the threat caused by imported cases; the third is that some key technical problems have not been solved; the 4th is the weakening of basic level malaria prevention personnel; and the 5th is that propaganda is still insufficient.
【作者單位】： 海南省疾病預(yù)防控制中心;
【基金】：海南省自然科學(xué)基金項目(No.813251;No.310174)
【分類號】：R531.3

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