本文選題：禽流感病毒　切入點(diǎn)：H7N9　出處：《廣東藥科大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：背景與目的自20世紀(jì)70年代以來,大量新發(fā)傳染病與再發(fā)傳染病不斷涌現(xiàn),已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的公共衛(wèi)生問題。流感病毒(influenza virus)是一種RNA病毒,屬于正粘病毒科,也是該科的唯一一個(gè)種群。宿主范圍廣泛,包括人、禽類和其他哺乳動(dòng)物(豬、馬)等。單股負(fù)鏈RNA基因組易導(dǎo)致流感病毒發(fā)生重組和點(diǎn)突變,從而發(fā)生抗原漂移;節(jié)段性的基因組更讓病毒能夠通過重排發(fā)生抗原轉(zhuǎn)換,產(chǎn)生新的亞型。早期研究者對人流感病毒的關(guān)注度較高,禽流感病例因發(fā)生率較低和診斷水平較低的原因,常常被忽略。自上世紀(jì)70年代以來,學(xué)界開始對禽間的流感病毒進(jìn)行了監(jiān)測活動(dòng)。自上世紀(jì)末開始,H5N1、H7N9和H5N6等新型別的禽流感開始被發(fā)現(xiàn)并引起了社會(huì)的高度關(guān)注和恐慌。特別是2013年出現(xiàn)的H7N9亞型禽流感疫情,擴(kuò)散迅速,發(fā)病率較既往其他亞型高,預(yù)后不佳,帶來了更多的社會(huì)負(fù)擔(dān)。本研究從禽類、環(huán)境、職業(yè)暴露人群三方面考慮作一次階段性的橫斷面研究,對外環(huán)境禽流感病毒進(jìn)行監(jiān)測,發(fā)現(xiàn)其流行規(guī)律,為禽類相關(guān)職業(yè)工作場所的流感防控工作提供更加科學(xué)、可靠的依據(jù)。方法于2015年10月至2016年7月在白云區(qū)設(shè)立了4類固定監(jiān)測點(diǎn),進(jìn)行了為期4階段(季度)的定點(diǎn)監(jiān)測,采集標(biāo)本1783份,標(biāo)本類型包括環(huán)境涂抹標(biāo)本、禽類泄殖腔和咽拭子以及監(jiān)測點(diǎn)內(nèi)氣溶膠標(biāo)本。運(yùn)用熒光定量PCR技術(shù)進(jìn)行禽流感病毒核酸檢測,檢測內(nèi)容包括甲型流感通用型探針和禽流感H5/H7/H9亞型分型探針。此外,在上述的禽類相關(guān)場所(禽類監(jiān)測場所以有雞為主),共采集禽類相關(guān)從業(yè)人員血清標(biāo)本約300份,使用血凝抑制試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行禽流感病毒H5/H7/H9抗體檢測。數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)采用SPSS 17.0和Microsoft Excel 2010軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,部分圖表的制作使用了Microsoft Excel 2010和GraphPad Prism 5.01軟件。結(jié)果在本研究四個(gè)階段(季度)中,2015年10月、2016年1、4、7月份標(biāo)本甲型流感(A)陽性率分別為22.72%,19.74%,29.65%和23.40%,4個(gè)月份陽性率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=12.500,p0.01)。對上述的甲型流感核酸陽性的標(biāo)本進(jìn)行H5/H7/H9分型檢測,發(fā)現(xiàn)H5/H7/H9之外的其他亞型占絕大部分(34.6%~90.6%),其次是H9亞型(6.3%~59.0%),再次是H5亞型(0.6%~15.6%),H7亞型比例最低(1.3%~4.9%)。通過血凝抑制試驗(yàn)對兩批次共計(jì)300份禽類從業(yè)人員血清進(jìn)行血清禽流感H5/H7/H9亞型抗體篩查,結(jié)果顯示禽類相關(guān)從業(yè)人員中血清抗體陽性率普遍較低,H5、H7和H9亞型的陽性率分別為1.0%(3/300),0%(0/300)和5.67%(17/300)。結(jié)論1.禽流感外環(huán)境污染主要發(fā)生在流通環(huán)節(jié),對禽類貿(mào)易的流通環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行控制是控制外環(huán)境污染和人間病例的重點(diǎn)。2.外環(huán)境禽流感污染情況存在季節(jié)間差異,禽流感防控工作必須根據(jù)流行規(guī)律有的放矢。3.禽類相關(guān)從業(yè)人員中禽流感特異性抗體水平普遍較低,表明隱性感染的發(fā)生率較低。
[Abstract]:Background & objective since 1970s, a large number of new and recurrent infectious diseases have been emerging and have become a serious public health problem. Influenza virus influenza virus (RNA) belongs to the orthomyxovirus family. It is also the only population of the family. It has a wide range of hosts, including human, poultry and other mammals (pig, horse), etc. Single strand negative strand RNA genome is prone to recombination and point mutation of influenza virus, resulting in antigen drift; Segmental genomes allow viruses to produce new subtypes by rearranging antigens. Early researchers paid more attention to human influenza viruses, and avian flu cases were due to low incidence and low diagnostic levels. Often ignored. Since -30s, The academic community began to monitor the influenza virus among birds. Since the end of 0th century, new types of avian influenza, such as H5N1 N1, H7N9 and H5N6, have been discovered and aroused high social concern and panic. In particular, the outbreak of avian influenza subtype H7N9, which occurred in 2013, The disease spread rapidly, the incidence rate was higher than other subtypes, and the prognosis was not good, which brought more social burden. This study carried out a phase cross-sectional study from poultry, environment and occupational exposure population. To monitor the avian influenza virus in the external environment and find out its epidemic pattern, so as to provide a more scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza in poultry related occupational workplaces. Methods from October 2015 to July 2016, four kinds of fixed monitoring sites were set up in Baiyun area, and 4 stages (quarterly) fixed monitoring were carried out. 1 783 specimens were collected, including environmental smear specimens. Avian cloaca and throat swabs and aerosol samples from monitoring sites. Detection of avian influenza virus nucleic acids using fluorescent quantitative PCR technique, including generic type A influenza probe and H5N1 / H _ 7 / H _ 9 subtype probe. In addition, About 300 serum samples were collected from poultry related workers in the above poultry related sites. Hemagglutination inhibition test was used to detect the H5N1 / H7 / H9 antibody of avian influenza virus. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 17.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010 software. The Microsoft Excel 2010 and GraphPad Prism 5.01 software were used to make some charts. Results in the four stages of this study, the positive rates of influenza A in the samples of October 2015 and 2016 were 22.722% and 23.40%, respectively. The significance of counting (蠂 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ (12.500) P ~ (0.01)). The H _ 5- / H _ 7 / H _ 9 genotyping of the above type A influenza A nucleic acid positive specimens was detected. It was found that most of the other subtypes other than H _ 5 / H _ 7 / H _ 9 accounted for 34.6%, followed by H _ 9 subtype 6.33 / 59.0, and again the lowest percentage of H _ 5 / H _ 7 / H _ 7 subtype. A total of 300 batches of poultry workers' sera were screened for H5N1 / H7 / H9 subtype by hemagglutination inhibition test. The results showed that the positive rates of serum antibodies in poultry related workers were generally lower, the positive rates of H5 / H7 and H9 subtype were 1.0 / 300 / 300 and 5.6767 / 17 / 300 respectively. Conclusion 1.The environmental pollution of avian influenza mainly occurred in circulation. Controlling the circulation of poultry trade is the key point of controlling the external environmental pollution and human cases. 2. There are seasonal differences in the pollution of avian influenza in the external environment. Avian influenza prevention and control work must be targeted according to the epidemic law. 3. Avian influenza specific antibody level is generally low among poultry related workers, indicating that the incidence of recessive infection is low.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東藥科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R511.7

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