本文關(guān)鍵詞： 疫苗 人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV) 臨床試驗(yàn) 國際合作　出處：《科學(xué)通報(bào)》2017年17期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：在經(jīng)歷30年兩代疫苗的失敗后,一、二代聯(lián)合人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)疫苗(痘病毒ALVAC和gp120)終于在泰國RV144試驗(yàn)中顯示了31%保護(hù)效果,尚無法用于預(yù)防工作.HIV疫苗的科學(xué)挑戰(zhàn)為,病毒在自然感染中難以產(chǎn)生有效的免疫保護(hù),只有另辟蹊徑才能攻克這一進(jìn)化的瓶頸.近年HIV疫苗不乏新的研究進(jìn)展,從HIV感染精英控制者發(fā)現(xiàn)了超強(qiáng)廣譜中和抗體,設(shè)計(jì)了一批穩(wěn)定膜蛋白三聚體結(jié)構(gòu)的新免疫原,探索了一些激活廣譜中和抗體胚系B細(xì)胞的新方法,使用復(fù)制型病毒載體增強(qiáng)疫苗的免疫原性和持久性等.HIV臨床試驗(yàn)也明顯得到加快,與前30年僅開展了4個(gè)Ⅱb/Ⅲ期試驗(yàn)不同,未來5年將開展一批Ⅱb/Ⅲ期臨床試驗(yàn),包括南非重復(fù)RV144疫苗的試驗(yàn)已于2016年開始,強(qiáng)森公司與哈佛大學(xué)研制的Ad26/gp140疫苗的試驗(yàn)計(jì)劃于2017~2018年啟動(dòng),中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心和美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院(NIH)聯(lián)合開展前者的DNA復(fù)制型痘病毒(rTV)和后者的gp145疫苗的聯(lián)合臨床試驗(yàn)(比較復(fù)制型(rTV)與非復(fù)制型(ALVAC)痘苗疫苗的保護(hù)性),NIH的兩個(gè)CHAVI-ID項(xiàng)目和疫苗研究中心正全力推進(jìn)新型膜蛋白疫苗大規(guī)模臨床試驗(yàn)等.這些HIV疫苗的研究有望對(duì)2030年終結(jié)艾滋病的事業(yè)做出應(yīng)有的貢獻(xiàn).
[Abstract]:After 30 years of failure of two generations of vaccines, the first and second generations of the combined human immunodeficiency virus (ALVAC) vaccine (poxvirus ALVAC and gp120) have finally shown 31% protective effects in Thailand's RV144 test, and the scientific challenge of not being able to use it for prevention. It is difficult for the virus to produce effective immune protection in natural infection, and only a new way can solve this bottleneck of evolution. In recent years, there has been no lack of new research progress in HIV vaccine, and the super broad spectrum neutralizing antibody has been found from the elite control of HIV infection. A batch of novel immunogen with stable membrane protein trimer structure was designed, and some new methods for activating B cell line of broad spectrum neutralizing antibody were explored. The immunogenicity and persistence of the vaccine using replicative virus vectors were also significantly accelerated. The clinical trials of HIV were also significantly accelerated. Different from the only four phase 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1511316