本文選題：aquaporin-4　切入點(diǎn)：基因敲除　出處：《南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2006年碩士論文

【摘要】：Aquaporin-4基因敲除對(duì)CD1雌性小鼠生殖功能的影響及其機(jī)制研究 水通道蛋白(aquaporins，AQPs)是一類廣泛存在于原核真核生物細(xì)胞膜上，選擇性高效轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)水分子的特異孔道，對(duì)機(jī)體的水平衡和細(xì)胞微環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。迄今為止，經(jīng)分子克隆發(fā)現(xiàn)的哺乳動(dòng)物AQPs家族已有13個(gè)在蛋白質(zhì)序列上有同源性的成員(AQP0～AQP12)。其中AQP4在腦內(nèi)的表達(dá)最為豐富，主要表達(dá)于星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞和室管膜上皮細(xì)胞，富集于朝向血管面、軟腦膜面和神經(jīng)突觸的膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞膜區(qū)。這種分布特點(diǎn)提示AQP4在維持腦內(nèi)的內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)中發(fā)揮重要作用，它可能是膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞參與腦功能調(diào)節(jié)的重要結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)。 AQP4在下丘腦弓狀核(arcuate nucleus，ARC)和視前區(qū)(preoptic area，，POA)的星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞膜也有表達(dá)，ARC和POA是下丘腦神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)中的重要區(qū)域，含有多種神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)及肽類物質(zhì)，其中促性腺激素釋放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone，GnRH)主要調(diào)節(jié)垂體前葉的生殖內(nèi)分泌功能。下丘腦-垂體-卵巢軸(hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis，HPOA)是影響雌性生殖能力的重要調(diào)控因素，在生殖功能中發(fā)揮主要的調(diào)節(jié)作用。GnRH神經(jīng)元分泌GnRH，調(diào)節(jié)垂體中促性腺細(xì)胞分泌卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone，F(xiàn)SH)和促黃體生成素(luteotrophic hormone，LH)，促性腺激素作用于性腺受體，引起性腺激素分泌并影響生殖功能。因此，位于下丘腦星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞膜表面的AQP4可能通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的功能而影響GnRH神經(jīng)元釋放GnRH，繼而調(diào)節(jié)下丘腦-垂體-卵巢軸，最終影響生殖功能。 有研究報(bào)道AQP4在大鼠的所有腺垂體組織包括嗜堿性、嗜酸性、嫌色腺細(xì)胞及濾泡星形細(xì)胞膜上均有表達(dá)，分布在這些部位的AQP4可能參與了激素釋放的調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)程。因此，分布于嗜堿性內(nèi)分泌細(xì)胞膜上的AQP4也可能直接調(diào)節(jié)FSH和LH的分泌過(guò)程，進(jìn)而影
[Abstract]:Effect of Aquaporin-4 knockout on reproductive function of CD1 female mice and its mechanismAquaporins aquaporins (aquaporins) are a class of aquaporins (aquaporins) which widely exist on the membrane of prokaryotes and transport water molecules selectively and efficiently, which play a key role in the water balance and the stability of microenvironment.So far, 13 members of mammalian AQPs family with homologous protein sequences have been identified by molecular cloning.The expression of AQP4 was most abundant in the brain, mainly in astrocytes and ependymal epithelial cells.This distribution suggests that AQP4 plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of brain environment, and it may be an important structural basis for glial cells to participate in the regulation of brain function.AQP4 was also expressed on astrocyte membrane of arcuate nucleus arcuate and preoptic area of hypothalamus. ARC and POA were important regions of hypothalamic neuroendocrine system, containing many neurotransmitters and peptides.Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) mainly regulates the reproductive endocrine function of anterior pituitary.Hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary hypothalamus-pituitary-axis-HPOA (hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary) is an important regulatory factor affecting female reproductive ability.GnRH neurons secrete GnRH, regulate follicle-stimulating hormone follicle-stimulating hormone (follicle-stimulating hormone) and luteotrophic hormone (LHHHHHHHH) in pituitary gonadotropin, and gonadotropin acts on gonadotropin receptor, and GnRH neurons secrete GnRH in reproductive function, and regulate the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSHF) and luteotrophic hormone (LHHH) by gonadotropin.Causes gonadal hormone secretion and affects reproductive function.Therefore, AQP4 located on the surface of hypothalamic astrocyte membrane may affect the release of GnRH from GnRH neurons by regulating the function of astrocytes, and then regulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis and ultimately affect reproductive function.It has been reported that AQP4 is expressed in all the adenohypophysis tissues of rats, including basophilic, eosinophilic, chromophobic gland cells and follicular stellate cell membranes. AQP4 distributed in these sites may be involved in the regulation of hormone release.Therefore, AQP4 distributed on basophilic endocrine cell membrane may also directly regulate the secretion of FSH and LH.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：R346

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 冉建華,孫善全;水通道蛋白4在大鼠腦垂體中的表達(dá)[J];解剖學(xué)雜志;2005年03期

本文編號(hào)：1701527