發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-27 17:44

  本文選題：中華按蚊　切入點(diǎn)：嗜人按蚊　出處：《江蘇省血吸蟲病防治研究所》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 瘧疾是聯(lián)合國千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)中重點(diǎn)防控的三種傳染病之一,瘧疾和艾滋病、結(jié)核病一起被世界衛(wèi)生組織列為全球急需控制的三大公共衛(wèi)生問題。在感染人類的四種瘧原蟲中,以惡性瘧和間日瘧分布最為廣泛,盡管間日瘧的致病性沒有惡性瘧強(qiáng),但由于其分布范圍廣、易復(fù)發(fā)等特點(diǎn),使得間日瘧的控制比惡性瘧更為困難。由于受到多種因素的影響,我國中部地區(qū)近幾年的間日瘧疫情明顯回升,連續(xù)出現(xiàn)小暴發(fā)點(diǎn)和局部暴發(fā)流行。 嗜人按蚊和中華按蚊被認(rèn)為是我國分布范圍最廣的瘧疾傳播媒介,也是我國間日瘧傳播的主要媒介。關(guān)于中華按蚊和嗜人按蚊對(duì)間日瘧原蟲的易感性研究以及結(jié)合媒介生物學(xué)特性進(jìn)行的傳瘧作用和傳瘧地位的評(píng)定一直以來都是瘧疾傳播媒介研究中的熱點(diǎn)。按蚊對(duì)瘧原蟲易感性研究最直接的方法就是將瘧原蟲感染按蚊,而其中應(yīng)用最廣泛的就是體外人工膜飼血感染系統(tǒng)。 本研究的目的是比較我國的主要傳瘧媒介----中華按蚊和嗜人按蚊對(duì)間日瘧原蟲的易感性,并評(píng)價(jià)其在我國中部間日瘧流行地區(qū)瘧疾傳播過程中的作用。為不同媒介按蚊瘧疾流行地區(qū)的疫情控制提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。研究包括三個(gè)部分: 第一部分:按蚊實(shí)驗(yàn)室體外人工膜飼血感染系統(tǒng)的建立 目的:通過改進(jìn)新引進(jìn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室按蚊體外人工膜飼血設(shè)備和技術(shù),建立了適合我國開展瘧疾傳播媒介對(duì)瘧原蟲易感性實(shí)驗(yàn)研究需要的新的實(shí)驗(yàn)室按蚊體外人工膜飼感染系統(tǒng)。 方法:利用引進(jìn)的按蚊體外人工膜飼設(shè)備,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室用嗜人按蚊江蘇株為實(shí)驗(yàn)蚊種,以正常人全血為飼血樣本,對(duì)影響按蚊吸血的多種因素進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和比較。 結(jié)果: 1.羽化后3-8日齡間的按蚊的吸血率無顯著差異,考慮感染按蚊的壽命,選擇3-4日齡的按蚊進(jìn)行人工感染更合適。 2.雖然饑餓時(shí)間在8-24小時(shí)和24小時(shí)以上的按蚊的吸血率存在顯著差異,但綜合考慮按蚊吸血率和死亡率的相互關(guān)系,選擇按蚊飼血前饑餓時(shí)間8-12小時(shí)為宜。 3.嗜人按蚊在夜晚的膜飼吸血率顯著高于白天,但在白天用黑布覆蓋蚊籠模似夜晚和不覆蓋黑布的膜飼吸血率無顯著差異,蚊籠大小對(duì)膜飼吸血率也無顯著差異。 第二部分:中華按蚊和嗜人按蚊對(duì)間日瘧原蟲易感性的研究 目的:利用新建立的按蚊體外人工膜飼感染系統(tǒng),進(jìn)行中華按蚊和嗜人按蚊對(duì)間日瘧原蟲的易感性實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。 方法:分別用中華按蚊江蘇實(shí)驗(yàn)株和現(xiàn)場F1株以及江蘇、遼寧和廣東珠海的嗜人按蚊,利用新建立的體外人工感染系統(tǒng),在實(shí)驗(yàn)室配對(duì)體外人工感染在我國中部瘧疾流行地區(qū)采集的間日瘧患者血樣。 結(jié)果: 1.中華按蚊江蘇實(shí)驗(yàn)株和現(xiàn)場F1株共配對(duì)感染10批次,兩者的卵囊和子孢子感染率及其陽性蚊比均無顯著差異。 2.江蘇實(shí)驗(yàn)株中華按蚊和嗜人按蚊共配對(duì)感染142批次,兩者的卵囊和子孢子感染率及其陽性蚊比均無顯著差異;雖然中華按蚊的卵囊感染度高于嗜人按蚊,但兩者的子孢子感染度無顯著差異。 3.江蘇、廣東、遼寧嗜人按蚊共配對(duì)感染35批次,三地區(qū)嗜人按蚊間的卵囊和子孢子感染率、及其陽性蚊比均無顯著差異。 第三部分:影響間日瘧原蟲在按蚊體內(nèi)發(fā)育的因素分析 目的:比較不同因素對(duì)按蚊實(shí)驗(yàn)室體外人工感染間日瘧原蟲結(jié)果的影響。 方法:分別比較中華按蚊和嗜人按蚊對(duì)發(fā)作間歇期和臨床發(fā)作期間日瘧原蟲的易感性;分析配子體密度、配子體的雌雄比與中華按蚊和嗜人按蚊卵囊、子孢子感染的關(guān)聯(lián);判斷中華按蚊和嗜人按蚊的卵囊感染度與子孢子發(fā)育的相關(guān)性。 結(jié)果: 1.中華按蚊對(duì)臨床間歇期間日瘧原蟲的卵囊陽性率、卵囊陽性蚊比率、子孢子陽性蚊比率和子孢子感染度均高于臨床發(fā)作期間日瘧原蟲。 2.嗜人按蚊對(duì)臨床間歇期間日瘧原蟲的卵囊陽性蚊比率、子孢子陽性率和子孢子陽性蚊比率均顯著高于臨床發(fā)作期間日瘧原蟲。 3.中華按蚊和嗜人按蚊的卵囊和子孢子感染率和感染度均與配子體的密度有相關(guān)關(guān)系,而與配子體的雌雄比例沒有相關(guān)關(guān)系。 4.中華按蚊和嗜人按蚊的卵囊感染度越高,其子孢子感染幾率和感染度就越高。 研究結(jié)論 1.新建立的實(shí)驗(yàn)室按蚊體外人工膜飼感染系統(tǒng)適合于我國用于開展瘧疾傳播媒介對(duì)瘧原蟲易感性實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的需要,在按蚊體外人工膜飼感染實(shí)驗(yàn)操作的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和規(guī)范化方面有很大提高,為我國不同實(shí)驗(yàn)室間瘧疾傳播媒介對(duì)瘧原蟲易感性實(shí)驗(yàn)研究數(shù)據(jù)的相互比較和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的比較分析打下基礎(chǔ)。 2.中華按蚊實(shí)驗(yàn)株可替代現(xiàn)場捕獲的中華按蚊F1代用于中華按蚊對(duì)間日瘧原蟲易感性的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。 3.遼寧和廣東橫琴島新發(fā)現(xiàn)的嗜人按蚊對(duì)間日瘧原蟲易感,其對(duì)間日瘧原蟲的易感性與我國中部的嗜人按蚊無顯著差異。 4.新發(fā)現(xiàn)中華按蚊對(duì)當(dāng)前我國中部瘧疾流行區(qū)的間日瘧原蟲易感性與嗜人按蚊易感性類似,有必要進(jìn)一步開展不同基因型間日瘧原蟲對(duì)中華按蚊易感性的研究,為在以中華按蚊為主要媒介地區(qū)修訂和制定防治策略和措施提供參考依據(jù)。 5.在按蚊體外人工膜飼感染的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究中,不同臨床發(fā)作期的間日瘧原蟲血樣本、瘧原蟲配子體密度與按蚊卵囊和子孢子感染率和感染度的高低有一定的關(guān)系,但與瘧原蟲配子體的雌雄比例無關(guān)。 創(chuàng)新點(diǎn): 1.建立了適合我國傳播媒介對(duì)瘧原蟲易感性研究所需的新的實(shí)驗(yàn)室按蚊體外人工膜飼感染系統(tǒng)。 2.首次通過實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)遼寧和廣東橫琴島新發(fā)現(xiàn)的嗜人按蚊對(duì)間日瘧原蟲易感,且其易感性與我國中部的嗜人按蚊無顯著差異。 3.新發(fā)現(xiàn)中華按蚊對(duì)當(dāng)前我國中部瘧疾流行區(qū)的間日瘧原蟲易感性與嗜人按蚊易感性相當(dāng)。
[Abstract]:Malaria is one of the three major infectious diseases prevention and control of the UN Millennium Development Goals, malaria and AIDS, tuberculosis is the WHO listed as the three major global public health problems in urgent need of control. In four species of human Plasmodium parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in the most widely distributed, although the pathogenicity of vivax malaria no malignant malaria, but because of its wide distribution, so easy to relapse, the vivax malaria control is more difficult than malignant malaria. As a result of many factors, in recent years of vivax malaria in the middle area of China rebounded significantly, continuous small outbreak and local outbreak.
Anopheles anthropophagus and Anopheles sinensis were considered malaria vectors of China's most widely distributed, and it is the main medium in China. The evaluation on Plasmodium vivax transmission susceptibility of Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles anthropophagus to Plasmodium vivax and combined with the biological characteristics of the media of malaria and malaria transmission status is always a hot study on malaria vectors in Anopheles on Plasmodium susceptibility. The most direct way is to Anopheles Plasmodium infection, which is the most widely used artificial membrane feeding in vitro blood infection system.
The purpose of this study is to compare the main malaria vector, Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles anthropophagus to Plasmodium vivax and evaluate its susceptibility to malaria transmission in Central China vivax malaria epidemic areas in the role. To provide the scientific basis for malaria endemic areas of different Anopheles outbreak control. The research includes three parts:
First part: establishment of an in vitro artificial membrane feeding system for Anopheles mosquitoes
Objective: to establish a new laboratory Anopheles mosquito infection system in vitro by improving the new artificial Anopheles laboratory blood feeding equipment and technology.
Methods: the Anopheles sinensis artificial membrane feeding device was introduced in the laboratory. The mosquito was selected as an experimental mosquito species in the laboratory with Anopheles sinensis Jiangsu strain. Blood samples from healthy people were taken as blood samples. The factors influencing the blood sucking of Anopheles sinensis were studied and compared.
Result:
The blood sucking rate of Anopheles Anopheles at 3-8 days after 1. emergence was not significantly different. Considering the life span of Anopheles, it was more suitable for the Anopheles Anopheles at 3-4 days of age to choose artificial infection.
2., although there are significant differences in the blood sucking rate of Anopheles between 8-24 hours and 24 hours, considering the relationship between the rate of blood loss and mortality of Anopheles, choosing Anopheles for 8-12 hours before feeding blood is appropriate.
3. Anopheles anthropophagus in the blood sucking membrane feeding rate was significantly higher than that of the night during the day, but in the daytime black night and die like mosquito cage cover does not cover the black blood membrane feeding was no significant difference between the size of the cage, mosquito membrane feeding blood rate also showed no significant difference.
The second part: the study on the susceptibility of Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles Anopheles to Plasmodium vivax
Objective: To study the susceptibility test of Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles Anopheles Anopheles Anopheles and Anopheles sinensis to Plasmodium vivax using the newly established artificial membrane feeding system of Anopheles Anopheles.
Methods: using experimental strains of Anopheles sinensis in Jiangsu and F1 strains as well as Jiangsu, Liaoning and Guangdong Zhuhai anthropophagus, using the new system in the laboratory in vitro artificial infection, paired in vitro artificial infection in Central China malaria endemic areas of blood samples of vivax malaria patients.
Result:
1. the Jiangsu experimental and F1 strains of Anopheles sinensis were infected with 10 batches, and there was no significant difference in the rate of oocyst and subspore infection and the ratio of the positive mosquito.
2. there were 142 batches of Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles sinensis co infected in Jiangsu experimental group. There was no significant difference in the infection rate of oocysts and sporozoites and the proportion of positive mosquitoes between them. Although the infection rate of Anopheles sinensis was higher than that of Anopheles sinensis, there was no significant difference in their sporozoites infection.
3., there were 35 batches of Anopheles mosquitoes co infected in Jiangsu, Guangdong and Liaoning. There was no significant difference in the infection rate of oocysts and sporozoites between three regions and the proportion of positive mosquitoes.
The third part: analysis of factors affecting the development of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles Anopheles
Objective: To compare the effects of different factors on the results of an in vitro artificial infection of Plasmodium vivax in the laboratory of Anopheles Anopheles.
Methods: comparison of Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles anthropophagus to interictal and clinical seizures during the period of susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax; analysis of gametocyte density, the ratio of female and male gametophyte and Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles anthropophagus oocyst, sporozoite infection associated; judge of Anopheles sinensis and addicted person according to mosquito oocysts and sporozoites of correlation degree development.
Result:
1., the positive rate of oocysts, the positive rate of oocysts, the ratio of sporozoite positive mosquito and sporozoite infection in Anopheles sinensis during the clinical intermission period were all higher than those in the clinical outbreak period.
2. the Anopheles Anopheles showed a positive rate of sporocyst positive sporozoites and sporozoite positive mosquitoes during clinical intermission.
3. the infection rate and infection degree of oocysts and sporozoites of Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles sinensis were all related to the density of gametophyte, but not related to the sex ratio of gametophyte.
4. the higher the oocyst infection of Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles Anopheles, the higher the incidence and infection of the sporozoites.
research conclusion
The laboratory in vitro artificial membrane blood feeding 1. new infection system suitable for our country to carry out the need for experimental study of malaria vectors susceptibility to Plasmodium, has greatly improved in laboratory in vitro artificial membrane feeding experiment operation standardization, comparative analysis for our different laboratory malaria vectors for malaria susceptibility the comparison between experimental data and experimental results lay the foundation.
2. Anopheles sinensis experimental strain can be used as a substitute for the experimental study on the susceptibility of Anopheles sinensis to Anopheles sinensis by the F1 generation of Anopheles sinensis captured on the spot.
3., Anopheles sinensis, newly discovered in Hengqin island of Liaoning and Guangdong, is susceptible to Plasmodium vivax, and its susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax is not significantly different from that of Anopheles sinensis in Central China.
The newly discovered 4. Anopheles sinensis in central part of China in malaria endemic area of Plasmodium vivax and susceptibility of Anopheles anthropophagus susceptibility is similar, it is necessary to carry out further research on different genotypes of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles susceptibility of Anopheles sinensis was the main media in revision and to provide reference for the prevention and control measures.
5., in the experimental study of Anopheles in vitro artificial membrane feeding, the density of Plasmodium vivax blood samples and malaria gametophyte density at different clinical stages were related to the infection rate and infection degree of Anopheles mosquitoes, oocysts and sporozoites, but not related to the sex ratio of Plasmodium gametophyte.
Innovation point:
1. a new laboratory artificial membrane feeding system for Anopheles mosquito in vitro was established for the study of susceptibility to Plasmodium malaria in China.
2., for the first time, it is confirmed experimentally that the newly discovered Anopheles sinensis in Hengqin island of Liaoning and Guangdong is susceptible to Plasmodium vivax, and its susceptibility is not significantly different from that of Anopheles sinensis in Central China.
3. the susceptibility of Anopheles sinensis to Plasmodium vivax in the current malaria endemic area of central China is new to the susceptibility of Anopheles Anopheles to Anopheles Anopheles.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇省血吸蟲病防治研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：R383

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