創(chuàng)傷性休克大鼠模型的制作及羥乙基淀粉對(duì)其淋巴細(xì)胞功能影響的研究
本文選題:創(chuàng)傷 切入點(diǎn):休克 出處:《浙江大學(xué)》2006年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】: 研究背景及目的 嚴(yán)重創(chuàng)傷性休克為青壯年患者的最大死亡原因之一,創(chuàng)傷性休克復(fù)蘇后常出現(xiàn)各種并發(fā)癥,導(dǎo)致住院時(shí)間延長,醫(yī)療費(fèi)用增加。許多學(xué)者在損傷控制、液體復(fù)蘇方法以及復(fù)蘇后機(jī)體免疫紊亂等方面大量的研究表明,在損傷已控制的基礎(chǔ)上有效的容量復(fù)蘇不僅能增加早期復(fù)蘇的成功率,并且能減輕全身的炎癥反應(yīng),改善機(jī)體免疫功能紊亂,降低全身嚴(yán)重感染及多臟器功能衰竭的發(fā)生以提高嚴(yán)重創(chuàng)傷性休克的治愈率。然而在選擇早期復(fù)蘇液體的種類上,一直存在著晶體/膠體、自然膠體/人工膠體孰優(yōu)孰劣的爭(zhēng)論,同時(shí)臨床上也缺乏一些評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)體免疫功能紊亂的可靠指標(biāo)。 機(jī)體在嚴(yán)重創(chuàng)傷休克時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)毛細(xì)血管內(nèi)皮損傷及滲漏導(dǎo)致白蛋白及約75%輸入的晶體滲至間質(zhì),引起組織水腫并進(jìn)一步加重毛細(xì)血管對(duì)液體的扣押和組織的缺氧,同時(shí)機(jī)體細(xì)胞免疫功能特別是T細(xì)胞功能明顯受抑,表現(xiàn)為T細(xì)胞IL-2mRNA表達(dá)及產(chǎn)生和分泌減少,IL-2受體表達(dá)降低以及T細(xì)胞亞群及其細(xì)胞因子表達(dá)降低。羥乙基淀粉(Hydroxyethyl starch,HES)具有“堵塞”毛細(xì)血管滲漏的作用,能有效改善微循環(huán)的血液流變學(xué)異常,增加組織氧供。HES可明顯減輕創(chuàng)傷休克后全身炎癥反應(yīng)及血管內(nèi)皮的損傷,同時(shí)可能通過破壞以血清IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,,γ-IFN等水平為標(biāo)志的促炎反應(yīng)及抗炎反應(yīng)的平衡而誘導(dǎo)淋巴細(xì)胞的增殖與分化的改變。 HES(130/0.4)作為第三代中分子量(130kd)低取代級(jí)(C2/C6∶0.4)羥乙基淀粉產(chǎn)品更具有擴(kuò)容效果佳,體內(nèi)蓄積少,微循環(huán)及組織氧張力改善佳,凝血功能及腎功能障礙等并發(fā)癥少的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本研究的目的為在建立一個(gè)穩(wěn)定可靠的創(chuàng)傷性休克模型的基礎(chǔ)上探討HES(130/0.4)是否能改善創(chuàng)傷性休克大鼠淋巴細(xì)胞的增殖與分化功能紊亂。 對(duì)象與方法 1.采用“斷股骨+動(dòng)脈放血+液體復(fù)蘇”大鼠創(chuàng)傷性休克的模型。鈍性離斷右側(cè)股骨作為主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)傷因素。動(dòng)脈快速放血,以平均動(dòng)脈壓降至30mmHg為目標(biāo)。 2.分別以不同的復(fù)蘇液體(林格氏液,6%HES(130/0.4),5%白蛋白)及不同的取材時(shí)間(復(fù)蘇后24,48小時(shí))多組進(jìn)行對(duì)照研究。復(fù)蘇液體量按照大鼠體重計(jì)量。 3.監(jiān)測(cè)創(chuàng)傷后0,1,3,24小時(shí)血清乳酸,pH值,動(dòng)脈血氧分壓,堿剩余,血清鉀及肌酐濃度等生化指標(biāo)以及腎肺臟器病理改變?cè)u(píng)價(jià)模型的穩(wěn)定性。 4.分別用AnnexinV/PI染色法(流式細(xì)胞儀Coulter XL)及末端脫氧核苷酸轉(zhuǎn)移酶介導(dǎo)的原位末端標(biāo)記法(TUNEL法)檢測(cè)骨髓單個(gè)核細(xì)胞凋亡比例。 5.用流式細(xì)胞儀法檢測(cè)創(chuàng)傷前后外周血淋巴細(xì)胞CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞數(shù)量及CD4+/CD8+比值。 6.用細(xì)胞內(nèi)因子檢測(cè)法(流式細(xì)胞儀Coulter XL)檢測(cè)創(chuàng)傷前后外周血CD4+細(xì)胞向TH1/TH2的分化能力。 7.用CD4+/Annexin V法(流式細(xì)胞儀Coulter XL)檢測(cè)脾臟CD4+細(xì)胞凋亡。 8.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法數(shù)據(jù)用spss12.O統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件分析。組間采用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 結(jié)果 1.大鼠創(chuàng)傷性休克模型建立成功,模型鼠能達(dá)到平均動(dòng)脈壓30mmHg的休克要求,具有一定的復(fù)蘇成功率(90%)。同時(shí)創(chuàng)傷休克后大鼠血氧合能力,乳酸水平,腎臟功能,電解質(zhì)改變明顯并且穩(wěn)定。肺腎等臟器的病理學(xué)改變亦較為顯著,模型建立成功。 2.創(chuàng)傷休克后CD4+細(xì)胞數(shù)量明顯下降,而HES復(fù)蘇后第48小時(shí),CD4+細(xì)胞數(shù)量即能恢復(fù)到正常水平。CD8+細(xì)胞數(shù)量未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯改變。 3.創(chuàng)傷性休克后外周血CD4+淋巴細(xì)胞分化出現(xiàn)“TH1向TH2漂移”的改變,且HES能改變此趨勢(shì)。 4.與對(duì)照組比較,HES組復(fù)蘇后CD4+T細(xì)胞凋亡比例未呈現(xiàn)先升后降的改變。 5.與對(duì)照組比較,流式細(xì)胞儀法和TUNNEL法均發(fā)現(xiàn)HES組復(fù)蘇后骨髓單個(gè)核細(xì)胞凋亡比例未見明顯升高。 結(jié)論 1.該創(chuàng)傷性休克動(dòng)物模型可造成機(jī)體明顯的病生理損傷,且操作簡(jiǎn)便,易控制。 2.創(chuàng)傷性休克后大鼠外周血CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)量明顯減少,CD4+T細(xì)胞的進(jìn)一步分化能力表現(xiàn)為“TH1向TH2漂移”,脾CD4+T細(xì)胞及骨髓單個(gè)核細(xì)胞凋亡明顯增加等。機(jī)體細(xì)胞免疫功能受到明顯抑制。 3.羥乙基淀粉(130/0.4)可抑制創(chuàng)傷休克后CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)量下降及“TH1向TH2漂移”的趨勢(shì),同時(shí)緩解脾CD4+T細(xì)胞及骨髓單個(gè)核細(xì)胞凋亡急劇增加的趨勢(shì),從而改善機(jī)體細(xì)胞免疫功能。
[Abstract]:Background and purpose of research
Severe traumatic shock is one of the largest cause of death in young patients, the complications often occur after resuscitation from traumatic shock, resulting in prolonged hospitalization, medical expenses increased. Many scholars in the study of a lot of damage control, fluid resuscitation method and after the recovery of immune disorders and other aspects that effectively based on the damage control capacity early recovery can not only increase the success rate of recovery, and can reduce the systemic inflammatory reaction, improve the immune function disorder, reduce serious systemic infection and multiple organ failure occurred in order to improve the cure rate of severe traumatic shock. However, in the choice of early resuscitation fluid, there has been a natural colloidal crystal / colloid. The artificial colloid / the merits of arguments, clinical and lack of reliable indicators of evaluation of the disorder of the immune function.
The body will appear capillary endothelial damage and lead to leakage of albumin and about 75% input crystals into the interstitial infiltration in severe traumatic shock, causing edema and the increase of capillary liquid seizure and tissue hypoxia, while the cellular immune function especially the function of T cells was significantly inhibited, the expression of IL-2mRNA and T were produced and reduce the secretion of IL-2 receptor, and decreased expression of T cell subsets and cytokines. The decreased expression of hydroxyethyl starch (Hydroxyethyl starch, HES) has a "jam" capillary leakage effect, can effectively improve blood rheology microcirculation abnormal, increase oxygen supply.HES can significantly reduce the systemic inflammatory response after traumatic shock and vascular endothelial at the same time through injury, damage to the serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, -IFN etc. as a symbol of the gamma level of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses and balance Induce the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocyte.
HES (130 / 0.4) as the third generation of molecular weight (130kd) low substitution (C2 / C6: 0.4) hydroxyethyl starch products have more expansion effect, less accumulation, improve microcirculation and tissue oxygen tension is good, the advantages of blood coagulation and renal dysfunction and other complications. The purpose of this study is in establish a stable and reliable model of traumatic shock on the HES (130 / 0.4) the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes can improve dysfunction in rats with traumatic shock.
Object and method
1., a rat model of traumatic shock was established by breaking the femoral artery + blood letting + fluid resuscitation. The right femur was the main trauma factor, and the artery was fast bleeding. The mean arterial pressure drop to 30mmHg was the target.
2., different groups of resuscitate fluid (Ringer's solution, 6%HES (130 / 0.4), 5% albumin) and different time of extraction (24,48 hours after recovery) were compared in different groups.
3. monitoring serum lactic acid, pH value, arterial oxygen partial pressure, alkali residual, serum potassium and creatinine concentration and other biochemical indicators of 0,1,3,24 hours after trauma, as well as the stability of renal and lung organ pathological changes evaluation model.
4., the apoptosis ratio of bone marrow mononuclear cells was detected by AnnexinV / PI staining (flow cytometry Coulter XL) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated in situ end labeling (TUNEL).
5. flow cytometry was used to detect the number of CD4+, CD8+T cells and the ratio of CD4+ / CD8+ in peripheral blood lymphocytes before and after trauma.
6. the differentiation ability of CD4+ cells from peripheral blood to TH1 / TH2 was detected by intracellular factor detection (flow cytometry Coulter XL).
7. the apoptosis of spleen CD4+ cells was detected by CD4+ / Annexin V (flow cytometry Coulter XL).
8. statistics method data were analyzed by spss12.O statistical software. T test was used among groups, and P < 0.05 had statistical significance.
Result
1. rat model of traumatic shock rats can be successfully established, shock mean arterial pressure 30mmHg, has a certain success rate of recovery (90%). At the same time after traumatic shock in rats with blood oxygenation capacity, lactate levels, renal function, electrolyte changes and stability. The pathological lung kidney pathology is more significant that model was established successfully.
2., the number of CD4+ cells decreased significantly after traumatic shock, and the number of CD4+ cells returned to normal level after HES recovery for forty-eighth hours. The number of.CD8+ cells did not change significantly.
3. after traumatic shock, the differentiation of CD4+ lymphocyte in peripheral blood appeared "TH1 to TH2 drift", and HES could change this trend.
4. compared with the control group, the apoptosis ratio of CD4+T cells in HES group did not rise first and then descend after resuscitation.
5. compared with the control group, both flow cytometer method and TUNNEL method found no significant increase in the percentage of apoptosis in bone marrow mononuclear cells in group HES after resuscitation.
conclusion
1. the animal model of traumatic shock can cause obvious physiological damage to the body, and it is easy to operate and easy to control.
2., after traumatic shock, the number of CD4+T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of rats was significantly reduced, and the further differentiation ability of CD4+T cells was "TH1 drift to TH2", and the apoptosis of splenic CD4+T cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells increased significantly.
3. hydroxyethyl starch (130 / 0.4) can inhibit the decline of CD4+T lymphocyte and the trend of "TH1 drift to TH2" after trauma shock, and alleviate the trend of sharp increase in splenic CD4+T cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells apoptosis, so as to improve cellular immune function.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2006
【分類號(hào)】:R-332
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