納撒尼爾·霍桑是美國(guó)十九世紀(jì)杰出的浪漫主義傳奇作家。他的小說在思想內(nèi)容和藝術(shù)手法上都獨(dú)具特色�！都t字》是霍桑的第一部長(zhǎng)篇小說，同時(shí)也是美國(guó)文學(xué)史上第一部象征主義小說，它以想象力豐富、主題思想深邃而著稱。自問世以來，《紅字》一直是國(guó)內(nèi)外專家、學(xué)者關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。從生態(tài)批評(píng)角度解讀《紅字》是一個(gè)新的嘗試。在這部經(jīng)典小說中，霍桑表達(dá)了他對(duì)人類生態(tài)失衡的深深憂思，折射出其高超的生態(tài)哲學(xué)智慧。本文試從自然生態(tài)、社會(huì)生態(tài)、精神生態(tài)三方面對(duì)《紅字》進(jìn)行解讀。《紅字》揭示了人與自然、人與人、人與自我等錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的基本關(guān)系。這三種關(guān)系是相互制約、相互促進(jìn)的，只有協(xié)調(diào)好它們之間的關(guān)系，人類才能實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的生態(tài)平衡與可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本文共分六章。第一章是引言。由于人類環(huán)境日益惡化，生態(tài)批評(píng)理論應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。第二章是文獻(xiàn)綜述，大體介紹了生態(tài)批評(píng)的發(fā)展歷程、思想起源，霍桑及《紅字》在國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究狀況。第三章探究了霍桑在《紅字》中所體現(xiàn)的自然生態(tài)觀，體現(xiàn)為霍桑的自然生態(tài)觀，自然遭到的巨大破壞，人與自然的和諧等內(nèi)容。第四章論述了《紅字》中展現(xiàn)的社會(huì)生態(tài)。第五章主要探討了《紅字》中體現(xiàn)的精神生態(tài)。第六章是結(jié)論。只有人類自身的精神獲得... 

【文章來源】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)山東省 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：55 頁

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Literature Review
    2.1 Introduction to Ecocriticism
        2.1.1 Ethnical Basis of Ecocriticism
        2.1.2 Aesthetic Basis of Ecocriticism
        2.1.3 Philosophical Basis of Ecocriticism
    2.2 Hawthorne and The Scarlet Letter
        2.2.1 Hawthorne’s Life and The Scarlet Letter
        2.2.2 Major Aspects of Studies on The Scarlet Letter
Chapter 3 Natural Ecology in The Scarlet Letter
    3.1 Hawthorne’s View on Natural Ecology
    3.2 The Reflections of Nature in The Scarlet Letter
        3.2.1 Destruction of Nature
        3.2.2 The Scene of the Prison
        3.2.3 Bellingham’s Barren Garden
    3.3 Exploring the Relationship between Man and Nature
        3.3.1 Hester Prynne: Life in Nature
        3.3.2 Pearl: Deep Love for Nature
        3.3.3 Dimmesdale: Yearning for Truthfulness in Nature
Chapter 4 Social Ecology in The Scarlet Letter
    4.1 The Harshness of the Puritanical Social System
    4.2 The Conflicts between Religion and Human Nature
        4.2.1 The Alienation of Hester and Pearl from Society
        4.2.2 Dimmesdale: the Conflicts of His Two Identities
        4.2.3 Chillingworth：a Deformed and Distorted Figure
    4.3 The Reestablishment of Harmonious Relationship
        4.3.1 Hester’s Gradual Establishment of Harmony with Residents
        4.3.2 Pearl’s Final Reunion with Dimmesdale
Chapter 5 Spiritual Ecology in The Scarlet Letter
    5.1 The Distortion of Characters’ Mentality
        5.1.1 Misplaced Spiritual Ecology
        5.1.2 The Spirit of Evil and Selfishness: Chillingworth
        5.1.3 The Hypocrisy and Painfulness: Dimmesdale
    5.2 The Growth of Characters’ Spirit
        5.2.1 The Gradual Conversion of Ideology in Residents’ Mind
        5.2.2 The Ultimate Salvation of Dimmesdale’s Spirit
    5.3 The Spiritual Blooming of the Heroine
Chapter 6 Conclusion
References
攻讀碩士學(xué)位期間取得的學(xué)術(shù)成果
Acknowledgements



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