《大瀑布》的自然主義主題解析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-24 18:49
本文選題：美國(guó)自然主義文學(xué) + 抗?fàn)?/strong>��； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文
【摘要】：喬伊斯·卡羅爾·歐茨在當(dāng)今文壇占有重要的一席之地,人們把她譽(yù)為當(dāng)今的“女�？思{”。作為一個(gè)文學(xué)奇才,她游刃有余地運(yùn)用了多種寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格和創(chuàng)作手法,給讀者提供了一系列經(jīng)久不衰的文學(xué)作品。她是一位多產(chǎn)的作家,其作品的數(shù)量令人震驚,作品的質(zhì)量更令人嘆為觀止。歐茨新穎的創(chuàng)作形式、多變的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格及忠于現(xiàn)實(shí)的自然主義寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)使其作品呈現(xiàn)出多樣性和復(fù)雜性。出版于2004年的《大瀑布》是歐茨的一大力作。這部作品一出版便好評(píng)不斷。《大瀑布》以女主人公阿莉亞的命運(yùn)為主線,講述了一個(gè)與愛(ài)、與命運(yùn)抗?fàn)�、與自然和社會(huì)有關(guān)的故事。歐茨的《大瀑布》主要反映中下層人的生活,揭示他們面臨的困境,進(jìn)而抨擊美國(guó)社會(huì)對(duì)劣勢(shì)人群的歧視和壓迫。此外,《大瀑布》還是一部?jī)?yōu)秀的自然主義作品。歐茨憑借這部作品準(zhǔn)確忠實(shí)地傳達(dá)了人物的心理狀態(tài),以逼真的寫(xiě)作手法揭露了物欲橫流的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)以及人們的命運(yùn)。本文通過(guò)自然主義文學(xué)具備的特點(diǎn)來(lái)分析《大瀑布》的自然主義主題以及作者如何運(yùn)用自然主義敘事策略深化主題,從而加深對(duì)作者創(chuàng)作思想的理解。本文由導(dǎo)論、正文、結(jié)論三部分組成。導(dǎo)論部分主要介紹了喬伊斯·卡羅爾·歐茨及《大瀑布》,《大瀑布》的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,并提出本論文的研究方向及現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。第一章主要介紹了美國(guó)自然主義文學(xué)產(chǎn)生的背景,美國(guó)自然主義文學(xué)的特點(diǎn),以及美國(guó)自然主義對(duì)歐茨創(chuàng)作的影響。美國(guó)自然主義雖然受到法國(guó)自然主義的影響,但由于其特殊的歷史文化背景和民族特色,形成了自身獨(dú)特的自然主義文學(xué)。歐茨借鑒自然主義文學(xué)特點(diǎn)的同時(shí)也結(jié)合了自己樂(lè)觀的視野,形成了具有自己風(fēng)格的自然主義。第二章主要分析了《大瀑布》的自然主義主題。本章分為三節(jié),分別解析了小說(shuō)人物的命運(yùn),抗?fàn)幰约盎貧w自然的主題。第一節(jié)主要分析了女主人公阿莉亞兩任丈夫不可抗拒的命運(yùn)。決定論是《大瀑布》自然主義特點(diǎn)的核心,其強(qiáng)調(diào)人的命運(yùn)是由遺傳和環(huán)境決定的,人類(lèi)無(wú)法控制自身的命運(yùn)。阿莉亞的兩任丈夫吉爾伯特和德克雖然生前擁有不同的生命軌跡,但他們內(nèi)在的遺傳素質(zhì)和身處的環(huán)境造成了他們相同的命運(yùn)悲劇。第二節(jié)主要分析阿莉亞相信命運(yùn)卻又抗拒命運(yùn)的主題。自然主義作品通常持有悲觀宿命論調(diào),但歐茨在《大瀑布》中賦予人物一定的自由意志,一方面強(qiáng)調(diào)遺傳和環(huán)境對(duì)人性格和命運(yùn)的深刻影響,另一方面指出人的意志也一直在與命運(yùn)作抗?fàn)�。阿莉亞在第一任丈夫死后就認(rèn)為自己遭到了詛咒,在生活中一直持有宿命論,但在遭受命運(yùn)的折磨后,她依然選擇英勇的抗?fàn)?努力追求自我,追求自由。最終她改變了自己的命運(yùn),贏得了人們的尊重。第三節(jié)主要通過(guò)揭露人類(lèi)對(duì)自然的破壞,自然對(duì)人類(lèi)的報(bào)復(fù)以及當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)官官相護(hù),腐敗至極的現(xiàn)象流露出回歸自然的思想傾向。作者呼吁通過(guò)回歸自然來(lái)回歸真善美。第三章主要分析了歐茨如何運(yùn)用自然主義敘事策略深化《大瀑布》的自然主義主題。自然主義文學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)真實(shí)論,而這種真實(shí)感表現(xiàn)在敘述策略上是作者采用“非個(gè)人敘事”的手法和空間的敘事特征來(lái)表現(xiàn)的。這些敘事策略的運(yùn)用淋漓盡致地表現(xiàn)了人與社會(huì),命運(yùn)抗?fàn)幍耐纯嗪蜔o(wú)奈。此外,除了客觀地描述真實(shí)的生活,自然主義文學(xué)敘事的魅力還在于自然意象的運(yùn)用,引發(fā)讀者的思考�！按笃俨肌边@一意象貫穿整篇小說(shuō),為故事提供了宏大的背景,并與人物的命運(yùn)息息相關(guān)�！皭�(ài)的運(yùn)河”這一意象極具諷刺意味,實(shí)際是一條腐敗墮落之河,災(zāi)難之河,在小說(shuō)中起關(guān)鍵作用,與作者要表達(dá)的主題緊密相關(guān)。結(jié)論部分總結(jié)了以上敘述,再次重申了小說(shuō)的自然主義主題及歐茨的創(chuàng)作思想。此外,還表達(dá)了歐茨對(duì)人類(lèi)命運(yùn)的思考及對(duì)自然和社會(huì)問(wèn)題的深刻見(jiàn)解。最后,小說(shuō)給予人們的思考與啟示:在面對(duì)生活的種種磨難時(shí),要勇于抗?fàn)?不向命運(yùn)低頭,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)人生價(jià)值;人們只有和大自然和諧相處,才能獲得真正意義上的幸福;此外,包括我國(guó)在內(nèi)的許多國(guó)家也存在小說(shuō)中體現(xiàn)的社會(huì)發(fā)展模式及其所揭示的社會(huì)腐敗現(xiàn)象,小說(shuō)具有較強(qiáng)的警示意義。
[Abstract]:Joyce Carol Ots has an important place in the contemporary literary world, and people regard her as the "female Faulkner". As a literary genius, she has been able to use various writing styles and creative techniques to provide readers with a series of enduring literary works. She is a prolific writer whose works The quantity is shocking and the quality of the work is more breathtaking. Oates's novel style of creation, the changeable artistic style and the characteristics of the naturalistic writing loyal to the reality show the diversity and complexity of his works. "Great Falls" published in 2004 is a great work of Oates. The hero, ariah, is the main line of the story of a love, a struggle against fate, a story related to nature and society. Oates's "great waterfall" mainly reflects the life of the middle and lower middle people, reveals the difficulties they face, and then criticize American Society for the discrimination and pressure on the disadvantaged. In addition, < Great Falls > or a good natural owner. By virtue of this work, Oates conveys the psychological state of the characters faithfully and faithfully, exposes the realistic social reality and the fate of people with realistic writing techniques. This paper analyzes the naturalistic theme of "Great Falls >" and how the author uses naturalistic narrative strategy through the characteristics of naturalism literature. This article is made up of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the current research situation at home and abroad of Joyce Carol Ots and "Great Falls >" and "Great Falls >", and puts forward the research direction and practical significance of this thesis. The first chapter mainly introduces American Naturalism. The background of learning, the characteristics of American naturalism and the influence of American Naturalism on the creation of Oates. Although American naturalism has been influenced by French naturalism, it has formed its own unique naturalistic literature because of its special historical and cultural background and national characteristics. Oates draws on the characteristics of naturalism. At the same time, it also combines his optimistic view and forms a naturalism with its own style. The second chapter mainly analyzes the theme of the naturalism of "great waterfall >". This chapter is divided into three sections, respectively analyzing the fate of the characters, the struggle and the theme of returning to nature, respectively. The first section mainly analyzes the irresistible of the two husband of the heroine, Arya, the heroine. Destiny. Determinism is the core of "great waterfall > naturalism", which emphasizes that human destiny is determined by heredity and environment. Human beings cannot control their own destiny. Gilbert and Dirk, the two husbands of Arya, have different life trajectories in their life, but their inherent genetic qualities and their environment cause them. The tragedy of the same fate. The second section mainly analyzes the theme that Arya believes in fate but resists fate. The naturalistic works usually hold a pessimistic and fatalistic argument, but Oates gives a certain free will to the characters in the Great Falls. On the one hand, it emphasizes the profound influence of heredity and environment on human character and fate, on the other hand, the will of people is also pointed out. After her first husband died, aliya thought he had been cursed and held a fatalism in his life. But after suffering a fate, she still chose heroic struggle, sought self and pursued freedom. Finally, she changed her fate and won the respect of the people. The third section was mainly through. The third chapter mainly analyzes how Oates uses naturalistic narrative strategy to deepen the naturalist master of "Great Falls >" by using naturalistic narrative strategy. The naturalist literature emphasizes the theory of reality, which is expressed in the narrative strategy by the author's means of "non personal narration" and the narrative features of space. The use of these narrative strategies vividly shows the pain and helplessness of the struggle between man and society, and the struggle of fate. Besides, it is an objective description of the real life. The charm of the narrative of naturalistic literature lies in the use of natural imagery, which leads to the thinking of the readers. The image of "great waterfall" runs through the whole novel, which provides a grand background for the story and is closely related to the fate of the characters. The image of "the canal of love" is very ironic, a river of corruption and disastrous River, and a river of disaster. It plays a key role in the novel and is closely related to the theme to be expressed by the author. The conclusion part summarizes the above narration, reiterates the naturalistic theme of the novel and Oates's creative thought. In addition, it also expresses Oates's thinking on human destiny and his profound views on the natural and social problems. Finally, the novel gives people the thinking and the thinking of the novel. Enlightenment: in the face of the various hardships of life, we should be brave to fight and do not bow to fate to realize the value of life. Only when people live in harmony with nature can we get a real happiness. In addition, many countries, including our country, also have the social development model and the social corruption revealed in the novel, as well. The novel has a strong warning significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I712.074
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