本文選題：U型敘事結(jié)構(gòu)　切入點(diǎn)：戴維·洛奇　出處：《湖北大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：《失聰宣判》是英國(guó)著名學(xué)者戴維·洛奇2008年出版的作品。小說(shuō)主人公戴斯蒙德患有聽力衰竭癥,同時(shí)由于他授課的學(xué)院遭到裁撤而提前退休,小說(shuō)主要刻畫了戴斯蒙德在這兩方面壓力之下的生活。洛奇用詼諧的文筆描述了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中常見的“中年危機(jī)”,使小說(shuō)極具人文主義關(guān)懷精神。本論文將使用諾斯洛普·弗萊在《偉大的代碼》一書中提出的U型敘事結(jié)構(gòu)分析小說(shuō)主人公戴斯蒙德的心理變化過(guò)程,繼而展現(xiàn)作者如何使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)主人公最終和生命達(dá)成和解,以及作品中的人文主義關(guān)懷精神。 諾斯洛普·弗萊是神話-原型批評(píng)理論的代表人物。《威嚴(yán)的對(duì)稱》、《批評(píng)的解剖》和《偉大的代碼：圣經(jīng)和文學(xué)》是弗萊最負(fù)盛名的三部作品。在《偉大的代碼：圣經(jīng)與文學(xué)》中,諾斯洛普·弗萊將《圣經(jīng)》中的U型敘事結(jié)構(gòu)概括為包括罪孽和懺悔、墮落和拯救、受難和皈依等,主人公經(jīng)過(guò)一系列苦難歷程,最終到達(dá)較為完滿的結(jié)局的結(jié)構(gòu)。墮落的過(guò)程,苦難的深淵和最后得到救贖的過(guò)程構(gòu)成了完美的U型。 本論文除前言和結(jié)論外,一共分為兩個(gè)部分。第一部分概括了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)《失聰宣判》和洛奇其他作品的研究成果以及介紹了U型敘事結(jié)構(gòu)的具體內(nèi)容。另一部分運(yùn)用U型敘事機(jī)構(gòu)分析了戴斯蒙德的心理變化過(guò)程。退休之后,戴斯蒙德的心理狀況由退休前的舒適平和轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閴阂滞纯唷Ｍ诵萸?戴斯蒙德生活愉悅；但退休后戴斯蒙德由于受到來(lái)自婚姻,親人和社交方面的壓力而心情抑郁。這一階段的心靈變化過(guò)程和U型敘事結(jié)構(gòu)的下滑部分吻合。周末度假之后,戴斯蒙德的心理狀況到達(dá)了最低谷。度假之后戴斯蒙德與妻子進(jìn)入了冷戰(zhàn)狀態(tài),同時(shí)戴斯蒙德得知父親的病情加重,加上戴斯蒙德在周末的假期中幾件不愉快的插曲,因而他的心理狀況達(dá)到了最低谷。戴斯蒙德心理最低谷和U型敘事機(jī)構(gòu)中的最嚴(yán)厲的懲罰契合。經(jīng)過(guò)波蘭之旅后,戴斯蒙德改變了對(duì)待生活和生活中不愉快事件的態(tài)度,因而他的心理狀況逐步回復(fù)平靜與安寧。最后一階段的心理恢復(fù)過(guò)程和U型敘事結(jié)構(gòu)的上升過(guò)程對(duì)應(yīng)。 通過(guò)分析與研究,本論文探尋了洛奇為何要使用U型敘事結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表現(xiàn)戴斯蒙德的心理狀況變化。事實(shí)上,洛奇本人深受聽力問題困擾,他很能理解重聽?zhēng)?lái)的不便與焦慮。同時(shí),洛奇信仰基督教,且從洛奇的幾部小說(shuō)中我們可清晰的感受到洛奇相信宗教有力量讓人們?cè)诜泵Φ默F(xiàn)代生活中找到內(nèi)心的平靜。U型敘事結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)用和小說(shuō)中戴斯蒙德最終與生活達(dá)成的和解都表現(xiàn)了洛奇對(duì)現(xiàn)代生活中人們精神困境的人文關(guān)懷,也表現(xiàn)出洛奇希望宗教能安撫人們?cè)从诂F(xiàn)代社會(huì)生活的焦慮。同時(shí),洛奇在這部小說(shuō)中也給予了那些深受類似中年危機(jī)問題困擾的人們找到解決辦法的啟發(fā)。
[Abstract]:The Deaf-Deafness judgment, published in 2008 by David Lodge, is a novel in which Desmond suffers from hearing failure and retires early after his college was abolished. The novel mainly depicts Desmond's life under these two pressures. Rocky describes the common "midlife crisis" in modern society in witty style, which makes the novel have a humanist spirit of concern. The U-type narrative structure proposed by Slope Frye in the Great Code analyzes the psychological changes of Desmond, the protagonist of the novel. Then it shows how the author uses this structure to express the ultimate reconciliation between the protagonist and the life, and the humanistic care spirit in the works. Northrop Frye is the representative of mythological-archetypal criticism. The Symmetry of the Magnificent, the Anatomy of criticism, and the Great Code: the Bible and Literature are Frey's three most famous works. In "Great Code" "the Bible and Literature." Northrop Foley sums up the U-type narrative structure in the Bible as including sin and repentance, depravity and salvation, suffering and conversion, etc. The process of depravity, the abyss of suffering, and the process of ultimate redemption constitute the perfect U-shape. In addition to the foreword and conclusion, It is divided into two parts. The first part summarizes the domestic and foreign scholars' research achievements on Deafness judgment and Lodge's other works, and introduces the specific contents of the U-shaped narrative structure. The other part uses U-shaped narrative organization to divide it into two parts. Analysis of Desmond's psychological process. After retirement, Desmond's psychological state changed from comfort before retirement to depression. Before retirement, Desmond had a pleasant life; but after retirement, Desmond was married. Depression due to family and social stress. This stage of mental change coincides in part with the decline of the U-shaped narrative structure. After the weekend vacation, Desmond's mental health was at its lowest point. After the holiday, Desmond went into a cold war with his wife, while Desmond learned that his father's illness had worsened, and that Desmond had had several unpleasant episodes during his weekend holiday. So his mental state was at its lowest point. Desmond was at the bottom of the spectrum with the harshest punishment in the U narrative institution. After a trip to Poland, Desmond changed his attitude to life and its unpleasant events. As a result, his psychological condition is gradually restored to calm and tranquility, and the last stage of psychological recovery corresponds to the ascending process of U-shaped narrative structure. Through analysis and research, this paper explores why Rocky uses U-shaped narrative structure to express Desmond's psychological changes. In fact, Rocky himself is deeply troubled by hearing problems. He understood the inconvenience and anxiety of hard of hearing. At the same time, Rocky believed in Christianity. And from some of Rocky's novels, we can clearly feel that Rocky believes that religion has the power to find the inner peace of mind in modern life, the use of the U-shaped narrative structure, and Desmond's eventual life in the novel. The successful reconciliation shows Rocky's humanistic concern for the spiritual plight of people in modern life. It also shows Rocky's desire for religion to reassure people of the anxieties of modern life. In the novel, Rocky also offers inspiration to people who are suffering from problems such as midlife crises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：I561.074

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