本文關(guān)鍵詞：另類的現(xiàn)代人—“地下人”形象探究　出處：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 地下人 存在感 個(gè)性自由

【摘要】：費(fèi)奧多爾·米哈伊洛維奇·陀思妥耶夫斯基（1821-1881）在中篇小說《地下室手記》中首次明確提出了“地下人”。這一形象一經(jīng)問世就引起了諸多爭(zhēng)議，各種截然不同的評(píng)論層出不窮�？ǚ蚩ǖ摹兜囟础繁蝗朔Q為“地下人”的后代，現(xiàn)代作家弗拉基米爾·謝苗諾維奇·馬卡寧的《地下室人，或當(dāng)代英雄》也出現(xiàn)了“地下人”�！啊叵氯恕拿忠驯皇者M(jìn)了現(xiàn)代文化意識(shí)的詞匯表里，這一人物已經(jīng)像哈姆雷特、唐吉訶德、唐璜和浮士德一樣具有了一種偉大的原型文學(xué)創(chuàng)作才具有的象征地位。”①“地下人”的地位如此重要，，那么他們內(nèi)在的精神實(shí)質(zhì)是什么樣的？這一群體是如何出現(xiàn)，以及他們出現(xiàn)的價(jià)值何在？上述問題構(gòu)成本文的論說中心。 本文認(rèn)為，“地下人”最主要的特征是對(duì)理性的質(zhì)疑和對(duì)傳統(tǒng)秩序的反抗。他們不僅是那些生活在主流社會(huì)邊緣地帶的人們，更是一些脫離主流社會(huì)意識(shí)形態(tài)而遁入“地下”的人們。自古希臘羅馬以來，理性就在人們心中占據(jù)重要的地位。經(jīng)過文藝復(fù)興尤其是啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)理性的高揚(yáng)，在西方人的心中，理性是人的根本，是科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)與道德規(guī)范的源泉與保障，并把社會(huì)的發(fā)展看作是理性化的過程。然而，“地下人”卻大膽地質(zhì)疑理性，他認(rèn)為人類的整個(gè)生活是不可欠缺的，不可以用理性來決定一切。理想的“理性王國(guó)”不會(huì)到來，只有人的意志、本性、意愿才能給人類社會(huì)帶來生機(jī)和活力�！暗叵氯恕笔侨后w之外的孤獨(dú)者、旁觀者，他們用另類的視覺來審視主流社會(huì)。 現(xiàn)實(shí)生活和文學(xué)文本中都有“地下人”的身影�，F(xiàn)代主義之父卡夫卡被認(rèn)為是“地下的人們的第一個(gè)活標(biāo)本”，他本人也常常表示愿意成為“洞中鼠人”。文學(xué)文本中的“地下人”有主動(dòng)離群索居，孤身躲在城市邊緣破舊的小屋里的地下室人（《地下室手記》）；有不辭辛勞地躲在地表之下的地洞主人（《地洞》）；有因意外事件進(jìn)入鱷魚肚子里，思考人生的伊萬·馬特維伊奇（《鱷魚》）；有因殺人進(jìn)入監(jiān)獄，面對(duì)死亡淡然處之的默爾索（《局外人》）；有根據(jù)理論殺人，內(nèi)心自我煎熬的拉斯科爾尼科夫（《罪與罰》）；有迫于生活壓力，無奈變身為大甲蟲的格里高爾（《變形記》）等。“地下人”特殊的精神世界決定了其自身獨(dú)特的生活方式，即外在的生活方式的選擇——遁入地下、與世隔絕；內(nèi)心的抗議——他們對(duì)理性、個(gè)性自由等問題的思考不但十分深刻的，且具有人道主義關(guān)懷。 本文通過對(duì)“地下人”精神內(nèi)涵的挖掘，旨在探究這一群體存在的價(jià)值意義。即“地下人”用獨(dú)特的生活方式反觀現(xiàn)代人的真實(shí)存在。
[Abstract]:Fyodor Mihailowici Dostoevsky 1821-1881. "Underground Man" was clearly put forward for the first time in the novella "Notes in the basement", which caused a lot of controversy as soon as it came out. Different kinds of comments abound. Kafka's Underground Cave is known as the descendant of the "Underground Man" and the basement man of the modern writer Vladimir Shemenovich Makanin. Or the contemporary hero also appeared "underground man". "the name of" underground man "has been included in the vocabulary of modern cultural consciousness, this character has been like Hamlet, Don Quixote. Don Juan, like Faust, has the symbolic status of a great archetypal literary creation. "1" the "underground man" is so important, then what is their inner spiritual essence? How did this group emerge and what was the value of their emergence? The above questions form the center of this thesis. This paper holds that the most important characteristic of "underground people" is their questioning of reason and their resistance to traditional order. They are not only those who live in the marginal areas of mainstream society. Since ancient Greece and Rome, reason has occupied an important position in people's hearts. After the Renaissance, especially the Enlightenment, rationality was exalted to the people. In the minds of Westerners, rationality is the foundation of human beings, the source and guarantee of scientific understanding and moral norms, and the development of society is regarded as a rational process. However, the "underground people" question reason boldly. He believes that the whole life of mankind is indispensable, can not use reason to determine everything. The ideal "rational kingdom" will not come, only human will, nature. Only will can bring vitality and vitality to human society. "Underground Man" is the lonely person outside the group, the bystander, they use the alternative vision to examine the mainstream society. There are "underground people" in real life and literary texts. Kafka, the father of modernism, is regarded as "the first living specimen of underground people". He himself often expresses his desire to become a "rat in the cave". The "underground man" in the literary texts has the basement people who are left alone in the dilapidated huts on the edge of the city ("basement Notes"); There are painstakingly hidden underground cave owners ("underground hole"); There was an accident in the belly of a crocodile, thinking about life, Ivan Matviage ("Crocodile"). There is Merso who enters the prison because of murder and faces death in a quiet place ("outsider"); Raskolnikov (Crime and punishment), who kills on the basis of theory and suffers from his own heart; Forced by the pressure of life, but changed into a beetle Gregory ("the variant") and so on. "Underground Man" special spiritual world determines its own unique way of life. That is, the choice of the external way of life-to escape underground, isolated from the world; Inner protest-their thoughts on rationality and personality freedom are not only profound, but also humanitarian. Through the excavation of the spiritual connotation of "underground man", this paper aims to explore the value meaning of the existence of this group, that is, "underground man" reflects the real existence of modern people with its unique way of life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：I512.074

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