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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：論索爾仁尼琴小說中的政治批判主題　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 索爾仁尼琴 政治批判主題 勞改營文學(xué) 人道主義

【摘要】：索爾仁尼琴是1970年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎獲得者，，被稱為“俄羅斯的良心”，有無數(shù)的光環(huán)圍繞著他，但是他卻因作品中的政治批判主題而備受爭議。索爾仁尼琴與政治批判主題有著深厚的淵源，索氏之所以成名離不開赫魯曉夫的欽點，因為作品《伊凡·杰尼索維奇的一天》中充滿了對斯大林的批判，這正好為赫魯曉夫的反斯活動提供了強有力的證據(jù)�？梢哉f，索爾仁尼琴名聲鵲起很大程度上得力于他作品中的政治批判主題。至此之后政治批判主題作為一條主線貫穿于索爾仁尼琴創(chuàng)作的始終，對黑暗的揭露、對政治的批判彰顯了其作品的魅力。 本論文就索爾仁尼琴作品中的政治批判主題進行探討，全文分四章進行論述。 第一章論述了政治批判主題形成的原因。索爾仁尼琴的政治批判主題不是空穴來風(fēng)、無中生有，政治批判主題的形成一方面受到俄羅斯傳統(tǒng)文化的熏陶，尤其是無政府主義思想傳統(tǒng)、苦難書寫傳統(tǒng)以及人道主義思想傳統(tǒng)。另一方面當(dāng)時社會環(huán)境也促使其政治批判主題的形成，可以說索爾仁尼琴作品中的政治批判主題是對蘇式極權(quán)主義的反思、抗議和抵抗。另外，索爾仁尼琴自己的苦難經(jīng)歷也為其政治批判主題提供了最直接、最有力的素材。 第二章論述了政治批判主題的多維展開。本章從三個方面進行分析：首先，通過對“國家”的恨與對祖國的愛表達他的政治批判主題。在索爾仁尼琴看來，祖國與國家是決然不同的兩個概念。國家特指斯大林時期冷冰冰的權(quán)力機構(gòu)，而祖國則更多地代表著俄羅斯廣袤無垠的大地以及生活在這大地上樸實的俄羅斯人民。索爾仁尼琴正是通過對國家當(dāng)局者的批判，讓更多的人看清問題的本質(zhì)，反思現(xiàn)狀。其次，是對勞改營主題的書寫。索爾仁尼琴開了二十世紀俄羅斯文學(xué)中的“勞改營文學(xué)”的先河，通過對勞改營中人們悲慘境遇的書寫，體現(xiàn)他的政治批判主題。最后，通過對普通民眾與當(dāng)權(quán)者們身上人性的挖掘，表達出作者對大多數(shù)當(dāng)權(quán)者的憎恨和對勞苦大眾的愛。 第三章論述了政治批判主題的文本化途徑及特點。身為一名作家，他的思想、觀點在他的作品中得到了充分體現(xiàn)。在索爾仁尼琴的作品中，政治批判主題始終是其創(chuàng)作的主線。索爾仁尼琴通過對一些藝術(shù)手法的運用使其作品中的政治批判更加深刻、露骨。本章主要從對生活的“鏡像”描寫、象征、時空的高度濃縮三個方面進行論述。 第四章探究的是其政治批判主題的深層意義。索爾仁尼琴作品中的政治批判并不僅僅是為了揭露當(dāng)代社會的黑暗面，在此背后蘊含著他對人民的深深關(guān)切以及對人性尊嚴的肯定，人道主義成為索爾仁尼琴進行政治批判的有力武器，也使他的政治批判主題得到升華。
[Abstract]:Solzhenitsyn was the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1970. He was called "the conscience of Russia" and surrounded by countless halos. Solzhenitsyn has a deep relationship with the theme of political criticism, and his fame can not be separated from Khrushchev's choice. Because the work "the Day of Ivan Denisovich" is full of criticism of Stalin, which provides strong evidence for Khrushchev's anti-Semitic activities. Solzhenitsyn rose to fame largely because of the theme of political criticism in his works. Since then, the theme of political criticism as a main line throughout Solzhenitsyn's creation, revealing the darkness. The criticism of politics shows the charm of his works. This thesis discusses the theme of political criticism in Solzhenitsyn's works, which is divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses the reasons for the formation of the theme of political criticism. Solzhenitsyn's theme of political criticism is not groundless and is born out of nothing. On the one hand, the formation of the theme of political criticism is influenced by Russian traditional culture. Especially the tradition of anarchism, the tradition of suffering writing and the tradition of humanitarianism. On the other hand, the social environment at that time also promoted the formation of the theme of political criticism. It can be said that the theme of political criticism in Solzhenitsyn's works is the reflection, protest and resistance to the Soviet totalitarianism. In addition, Solzhenitsyn's own suffering experience also provides the most direct theme for his political criticism. The most powerful material. The second chapter discusses the multidimensional development of the theme of political criticism. This chapter is analyzed from three aspects: first, through the hate of the "country" and the love of the motherland to express his theme of political criticism. In Solzhenitsyn's view. The motherland and the state are two very different concepts. The state refers specifically to the cold power of the Stalin period. The motherland, on the other hand, is more representative of Russia's vast expanse of land and of the Russian people who live on it. Solzhenitsyn makes more people see the nature of the problem by criticizing the state authorities. Reflecting on the current situation. Secondly, the writing of the theme of labor reform camp. Solzhenitsyn opened the "reform camp literature" in Russian literature in 20th century, through the writing of the tragic situation of people in the camp. Finally, through the exploration of the human nature of the ordinary people and those in power, the author expresses the author's hatred for the majority of those in power and his love for the laboring masses. The third chapter discusses the textual approach and characteristics of the theme of political criticism. As a writer, his ideas and views are fully reflected in his works. In Solzhenitsyn's works. The theme of political criticism has always been the main line of his creation. Solzhenitsyn made the political criticism in his works more profound and explicit through the use of some artistic techniques. This chapter mainly describes the "mirror image" of life, symbolism. Three aspects of high concentration of time and space are discussed. Chapter 4th explores the deep meaning of his theme of political criticism. Political criticism in Solzhenitsyn's works is not just to expose the dark side of contemporary society. Behind it was his deep concern for the people and the affirmation of human dignity. Humanitarianism became Solzhenitsyn's powerful weapon for political criticism and also sublimated his subject of political criticism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I512.074

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