【摘要】：目的通過腎錐體標(biāo)本的制作,對人、羊和豬的腎錐體大小、數(shù)量及形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)特征進(jìn)行比較解剖學(xué)研究。方法自腎動(dòng)脈灌注7%甲醛固定人、羊和豬的腎標(biāo)本,采用解剖剝制技術(shù),自腎的皮質(zhì)向深方逐層剝離暴露出腎錐體,測量腎錐體的大小、數(shù)量及觀察腎錐體的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)特征。結(jié)果人、羊和豬的腎錐體分界清楚。人腎柱明顯,腎錐體呈現(xiàn)多枝"菜花樣"結(jié)構(gòu),每個(gè)腎錐體是由3~5個(gè)形似圓錐形的"腎亞錐體"組成的"腎錐體單元",亞錐體尖端在腎乳頭處逐漸融合,共同開口于腎小盞。人的腎錐體單元的底面呈多結(jié)節(jié)狀突起。羊和豬的腎柱狹細(xì)。羊的"腎亞錐體"不明顯,在腎中部存在多個(gè)腎乳頭開口處形成的嵴狀隆起。豬的腎錐體數(shù)量較多,"腎亞錐體"較少。結(jié)論通過腎錐體的剝離,進(jìn)行了人、羊和豬的腎錐體的形態(tài)學(xué)特征比較觀察,更新和補(bǔ)充了人、羊和豬腎錐體的形態(tài)學(xué)特征。
[Abstract]:Objective to make a comparative anatomical study on the size, quantity and morphological structure of renal pyramides in human, sheep and pig. Methods Renal specimens of human, sheep and pig were fixed with 7% formaldehyde from renal artery. The renal pyramides were exposed by dissection and stripping from the cortex of the kidney to the deep side. The size and quantity of the renal pyramides were measured and the morphological and structural characteristics of the renal pyramides were observed. As a result, the renal pyramidal boundaries between humans, sheep and pigs are clear. The human renal column was obvious, and the renal pyramidal structure showed a variety of "vegetable patterns". Each of the renal pyramides was composed of 3 ~ 5 cone-like "renal subpyramides". The tip of the subpyramides gradually fused at the renal papilla and opened together in the renal calices. The bottom surface of the pyramidal unit of the human kidney is nodule. The renal column of sheep and pig is narrow. The "renal subpyramidal body" of sheep is not obvious, and there are several crest bulges in the middle of the kidney formed by the opening of the renal nipple. The number of renal pyramides in pigs is more, and the number of renal subpyramides is less. Conclusion the morphological characteristics of human, sheep and pig renal pyramides were observed, updated and supplemented by the renal pyramidal dissection.
【作者單位】： 北京大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院人體解剖學(xué)與組織胚胎學(xué)系;吐魯番地區(qū)中等職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)校;大慶醫(yī)學(xué)高等�？茖W(xué)校解剖學(xué)教研室;
【基金】：北京市自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(7162098)
【分類號】：R322.61

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1 宋應(yīng)財(cái);立體結(jié)構(gòu)腎錐體標(biāo)本的制作[J];廣東解剖學(xué)通報(bào);1998年02期

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