天堂国产午夜亚洲专区-少妇人妻综合久久蜜臀-国产成人户外露出视频在线-国产91传媒一区二区三区

一種新型彈力蛋白酶誘導(dǎo)兔動(dòng)脈瘤模型的建立

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-10-04 22:25
【摘要】:實(shí)驗(yàn)背景:顱內(nèi)動(dòng)脈瘤是由于動(dòng)脈血管壁局部較脆弱、內(nèi)部壓力增高,導(dǎo)致局部血管異常而引起的腦血管瘤樣突起,發(fā)生率為0.2%一1%。由于動(dòng)脈瘤破裂的不確定性以及破裂后的高致殘率和致死率,動(dòng)脈瘤始終是神經(jīng)外科需要研究的重點(diǎn)疾病之一。為探討動(dòng)脈瘤的形態(tài)學(xué)、病理學(xué)、演變過(guò)程,我們需要建立可信可靠的動(dòng)脈瘤模型進(jìn)行血流動(dòng)力學(xué)、病理生理學(xué)以及臨床治療等多方面研究。目前在理想狀態(tài)下制作出的動(dòng)脈瘤動(dòng)物模型應(yīng)具備下列特點(diǎn):(1)無(wú)論從形態(tài)學(xué)特征或是從病理學(xué)特征都與真正的動(dòng)脈瘤相同或近似;(2)形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)相對(duì)具有穩(wěn)定性,并且應(yīng)具有較好的可重復(fù)性;(3)制作動(dòng)脈瘤模型的方法應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)便易行,操作所需時(shí)間短,所需費(fèi)用較低;(4)動(dòng)脈瘤需要有適當(dāng)?shù)捏w積,有利于實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察及進(jìn)一步操作;(5)動(dòng)脈瘤與載瘤動(dòng)脈在實(shí)驗(yàn)期間不發(fā)生血栓,動(dòng)脈瘤壁有一定強(qiáng)度,不易破裂。目前所建立的與人類形態(tài)較相似的動(dòng)脈瘤動(dòng)物模型主要有鼠、兔、犬、豬、羊和猴等動(dòng)物。因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)有的通過(guò)各種實(shí)驗(yàn)方法建立起來(lái)的任何一種動(dòng)物模型還無(wú)法完全模擬人類動(dòng)脈瘤的生物學(xué)特性,所以需要我們繼續(xù)努力研究出更加理想更加合適的動(dòng)脈瘤模型。因此,理想的動(dòng)脈瘤動(dòng)物模型的發(fā)展方向應(yīng)趨向于制作簡(jiǎn)單、可重復(fù)性高;用時(shí)短,成本低;并且血流動(dòng)力學(xué)、組織學(xué)以及病理學(xué)等與人類動(dòng)脈瘤更加接近。本實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)用胰彈力蛋白酶建立兔囊狀動(dòng)脈瘤模型,并通過(guò)股動(dòng)脈造影及病理學(xué)檢查檢測(cè)模型。 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料與方法:(1)術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備:取成年新西蘭大白兔12只(體重2 .4一2.skg),雌雄不限,分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組9只和對(duì)照組3只。麻醉應(yīng)用陸眠靈0.2 ml/1(g,戊巴比妥鈉巧mg,,kg,青霉素10萬(wàn)單位瓜g加入生理鹽水中稀釋,分別肌肉注射。(2)注入胰彈力蛋白酶:應(yīng)用外科手術(shù)解剖分離右側(cè)頸外動(dòng)脈,在頸外動(dòng)脈下方墊乳膠片并穿兩條真絲編線于其后,結(jié)扎頸外動(dòng)脈遠(yuǎn)端,頸外動(dòng)脈起始部以動(dòng)脈瘤夾臨時(shí)夾閉,用裝有生理鹽水的1毫升無(wú)菌注射器穿入盲端頸外動(dòng)脈反復(fù)沖沈后,將彈力蛋白酶20單位注入到盲端頸外動(dòng)脈內(nèi)后結(jié)扎,實(shí)驗(yàn)組在頸外動(dòng)脈盲端注入胰彈力蛋白酶,對(duì)照組在頸外動(dòng)脈注入生理鹽水。等待20分鐘后撤出動(dòng)脈臨時(shí)阻斷夾,確認(rèn)無(wú)出血后縫合皮膚。(3)術(shù)后經(jīng)股動(dòng)脈造影復(fù)查:分別于術(shù)后3天、3周行股動(dòng)脈造影監(jiān)測(cè)動(dòng)脈瘤模型。3天后復(fù)查在兔右側(cè)股動(dòng)脈搏動(dòng)最強(qiáng)處切開(kāi)皮膚,分離皮下及肌肉組織,小心分離股動(dòng)脈,遠(yuǎn)端股動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎,套管針穿刺后,置入短導(dǎo)絲,隨后置入5F鞘,推入肝素鹽水肝素化。微導(dǎo)管在微導(dǎo)絲輔助下置入主動(dòng)脈弓造影,隨后置入右側(cè)cCA,在右側(cè)頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈開(kāi)口處推入2ml造影劑,動(dòng)脈瘤清晰可見(jiàn)。隨后給予三維旋轉(zhuǎn)造影。3周后在兔左側(cè)股動(dòng)脈行血管造影復(fù)查,方法同前。(4)病理學(xué)檢查:給予三維旋轉(zhuǎn)造影后,在靜脈注入過(guò)量戊巴比妥那處死兔子,分離頸部組織,取下動(dòng)脈瘤,置入10%EP醛溶液中固定備用。兩天后,將標(biāo)本用PBS緩沖溶液反復(fù)沖洗3次,每次沖洗五分鐘,再將標(biāo)本放入甲醛溶液中封閉一周以備用。經(jīng)過(guò)乙醇梯度脫水,包埋、修塊、半薄切片制成石蠟切片。再將石蠟切片經(jīng)HE染色后置于光鏡下觀察。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果:(1)術(shù)后3天實(shí)驗(yàn)組9只兔子均形成動(dòng)脈瘤。動(dòng)脈瘤長(zhǎng)徑5 .0士1.20二,寬徑3.4士0.70二,載瘤動(dòng)脈直徑3_2士0.53二;術(shù)后3周動(dòng)脈瘤長(zhǎng)徑5 .12士1 .24二,寬徑346士0.70二,載瘤動(dòng)脈直徑3一2士0.52二。實(shí)驗(yàn)組動(dòng)脈瘤長(zhǎng)徑、寬徑、載瘤動(dòng)脈直徑于術(shù)后3天、3周測(cè)量的結(jié)果分別比較p值均大于0.05,各觀察項(xiàng)目在不同觀察時(shí)期均無(wú)明顯差異。對(duì)照組3只兔子分別于術(shù)后3天和3周未見(jiàn)動(dòng)脈瘤形成,血管內(nèi)造影顯示右側(cè)頸外動(dòng)脈殘端封閉。(2)實(shí)驗(yàn)組術(shù)后3周做病理學(xué)檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)H一E染色示動(dòng)脈瘤頂部新生的內(nèi)膜形成,瘤壁內(nèi)膜增生,有炎性細(xì)胞侵潤(rùn),部分可見(jiàn)瘤壁內(nèi)膜變厚,且瘤頂部可見(jiàn)部分血栓機(jī)化。對(duì)照組術(shù)后3周H一E染色示有血栓形成并將右側(cè)頸外動(dòng)脈完全封堵,右側(cè)頸外動(dòng)脈殘端內(nèi)有血栓機(jī)化,并可見(jiàn)形成了新生的內(nèi)膜。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論:1.采用胰彈力蛋白酶注射方法成功的建立兔囊狀動(dòng)脈瘤模型。2.通過(guò)DSA檢測(cè)方法證實(shí)建立的動(dòng)脈瘤模型在形態(tài)學(xué)上與人顱內(nèi)動(dòng)脈瘤相似。3.通過(guò)本實(shí)驗(yàn)建立的兔囊狀動(dòng)脈瘤模型成功率高,實(shí)驗(yàn)操作簡(jiǎn)便、易推廣、制作時(shí)間短、存活率高。4.通過(guò)本實(shí)驗(yàn)方法所建立的兔囊狀動(dòng)脈瘤模型形念學(xué)及病理學(xué)與人類動(dòng)脈瘤相似,故可用于血管內(nèi)介入治療、血流動(dòng)力學(xué)及發(fā)病機(jī)制方面的研究。
[Abstract]:Background: The incidence of intracranial aneurysm was 0. 2% 1%, due to the local fragility of arterial wall, the increase of internal pressure, and the occurrence of cerebral angioma-like protrusion caused by local vascular abnormality. Aneurysm is always one of the key diseases in neurosurgery, due to the uncertainty of aneurysm rupture and the post-fracture high disability rate and aneurysm rupture. To investigate the morphology, pathology and evolution of aneurysm, we need to establish a credible and reliable model of aneurysm for hemodynamic, pathophysiology and clinical treatment. An animal model of aneurysm produced under ideal conditions should be characterized by (1) the same or similar characteristics as true aneurysms, either from morphological characteristics or from pathological characteristics; (2) morphological structures should be relatively stable and should have better repeatability; (3) The method for manufacturing the aneurysm model is simple and feasible, the time required for operation is short, the required cost is lower, and (4) the aneurysm needs a proper volume, which is beneficial to experimental observation and further operation; and (5) the aneurysm and the tumor-carrying artery do not have thrombus during the experiment, The aneurysm wall has certain strength and is not easy to crack. An animal model of aneurysms similar to human form is currently established with rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, sheep and monkeys. Because any animal model established by various experimental methods can not fully mimic the biological characteristics of human aneurysms, we need to continue our efforts to develop a more ideal and more suitable aneurysm model. Therefore, the development direction of an ideal aneurysm animal model should tend to be simple, reproducible, short in time, low in cost, and more accessible to human aneurysms, such as hemodynamics, histology, and pathology. In this experiment, the rabbit saccular aneurysm model was established by tryptic protease, and the model was detected by femoral artery angiography and pathology. Materials and Methods: (1) Pre-operative preparation: 12 adult New Zealand white rabbits (weighing 2. 4-2. skg), male and female, were divided into experimental group 9 and control group. Group 3. The anesthesia was applied to 0. 2 ml/ 1 (g, 5 mg/ kg) and 10 000 units of penicillin into normal saline for dilution, respectively. Meat injection: (2) injection of pancreatic elastic protease: apply surgical anatomy to separate right external carotid artery, cushion latex sheet under external carotid artery and wear two silk braided wires, then tie up the distal end of external carotid artery, and the initial part of external carotid artery is clamped on the aneurysm. When a sterile syringe containing physiological saline was inserted into the external carotid artery of the blind end after repeated punching, 20 units of elastic protease were injected into the external carotid artery of the blind end for ligation. The experimental group injected the pancreatic elastic protease into the blind end of the external carotid artery, and the control group was injected into the external carotid artery. Saline. After waiting for 20 minutes, withdraw the temporary occlusion clip of the artery and confirm that there is no post-bleeding seam Three days post-operative femoral artery angiography was performed to monitor the aneurysm model. After 3 days, the skin was dissected on the right femoral artery at the right side of the rabbit, subcutaneous and muscle tissue were separated, and the femoral artery and the distal femoral artery were separated carefully. Vein ligation, puncture of trocar, put into short lead wire, then put into 5F, and push into heparinized saline. heparinized. Microcatheter was inserted into aortic arch with the aid of microguidewire and then placed on the right cCA, and 2ml contrast agent was pushed into the right internal carotid artery opening, and the aneurysm was cleared. 3-dimensional rotational angiography followed by angiography review of the left femoral artery of the rabbit after 3 weeks. (4) Pathology Examination: After three-dimensional rotational angiography, rabbits were sacrificed after intravenous injection of excess pentothal, the neck tissue was separated, the aneurysm was removed, and 10% EP aldehyde solution was placed. after two days, repeatedly washing the specimen with PBS buffer solution for 3 times, washing for five minutes each time, and placing the specimen in a formaldehyde solution for one week preparing stone by using ethanol gradient dehydration, embedding, repairing block and semi-thin slice The paraffin sections were sliced. The paraffin sections were then stained with HE and placed under light microscope. The experimental results were as follows: (1) 9 rabbits in the experimental group after 3 days of operation The aneurysm was formed in the aneurysm. The diameter of the aneurysm was 5. 0 鹵 1. 20 di, the wide diameter was 3. 4 鹵 0.70II, the diameter of the tumor bearing artery was 3 _ 2 鹵 0.053 2. The diameter of the aneurysm was 5. 12 鹵 1. 24 2 in 3 weeks after the operation. The width of the aneurysm was 346 鹵 0.70II, and the diameter of the tumor-bearing artery was 3. The diameter, width and diameter of the aneurysm in the experimental group were greater than 0. 05 in the 3-week and 3-week period respectively. No significant difference was found in the period. Three rabbits in the control group were not formed in 3 days and 3 weeks after operation, and the right neck was displayed by angiography. (2) The pathological examination of 3 weeks after operation in the experimental group showed that H-E staining showed the formation of neointima in the top of the aneurysm, the intimal hyperplasia of the tumor wall, the invasion and moistening of the inflammatory cells, the thickening of the endometrial wall and the top of the tumor. Partial thrombosis was found in the control group after 3 weeks H-E staining showed thrombus formation and the right external carotid artery was completely blocked, and there was thrombosis in the left and right external carotid artery. It became the neointima. The experiment conclusions: 1. The successful construction of the method of pancreatic elastic protease injection A model of rabbit saccular aneurysm was established. The model of aneurysm established by DSA was found to be in morphology. and 3. The rabbit saccular aneurysm model established by the experiment is simple and convenient to operate, easy to popularize and prepare. Conclusion The model shape and pathology of rabbit saccular aneurysm established by this method are similar to that of human aneurysm, so it can be used for endovascular interventional therapy and hemodynamics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2011
【分類號(hào)】:R-332

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