本文選題：赫坎按蚊復合體 + 中華按蚊��； 參考：《中國疾病預防控制中心》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：目的(1)在我國中部間日瘧疫情不穩(wěn)定地區(qū)的代表地區(qū)河南省永城市,采用現場媒介調查和實驗室分子生物學技術,研究中華按蚊的孳生習性及相關影響因素,探討孳生習性改變情況；(2)采用現場媒介調查和實驗室分子生物學技術,研究中華按蚊的吸血習性和夜間活動規(guī)律；(3)研究中華按蚊的棲息習性,探討棲息與吸血活動關系；(4)研究中華按蚊的飛行距離及相關影響因素,為我國消除瘧疾中華按蚊應急控制范圍提供參考數據。 方法(1)選取永城市間日瘧高、中、低發(fā)病率鄉(xiāng)／鎮(zhèn)各1個,每個鄉(xiāng)／鎮(zhèn)隨機抽取2個自然村,采用橫斷面研究方法,研究中華按蚊的孳生習性及相關影響因素；(2)選擇間日瘧高、中、低發(fā)病率的3個自然村,利用“拉丁方設計”的現場研究和“多重PCR技術”的實驗室檢測相結合,研究中華按蚊的吸血習性,與同類地區(qū)文獻報道進行對比,分析該蚊吸血習性的變化情況；(3)在高、中發(fā)病率鄉(xiāng)／鎮(zhèn)選擇有代表性的3個自然村,利用“搜捕法”、“窗阱法”和“黑箱法”,“自然捕獲”和“熒光標記釋放”兩種來源試蟲,研究該蚊的棲息習性；(4)采用“標記-釋放-重捕”技術,在高、中發(fā)病率鄉(xiāng)／鎮(zhèn)各選取1個自然村,利用“野外捕獲”和“實驗室飼養(yǎng)”子一代中華按蚊兩種來源試蟲,研究中華按蚊的飛行距離；利用誘蚊燈重捕后進行熒光檢測。 結果(1)中華按蚊幼蟲孳生地主要為戶外的各種大、中型水體,水深介于0.5-1.0米之間,大多數孳生水體中的化學耗氧量、氨氮和硫酸鹽含量較低。(2)中華按蚊為永城市單一的傳瘧媒介。不同宿主誘捕中華按蚊的豐度不同(P0.01)。中華按蚊對不同宿主嗜吸高低順位為：豬、羊、牛、狗、人和雞。不同村莊、不同夜晚該蚊對不同宿主嗜吸高低順位趨于一致。中華按蚊人血指數為2.94%。該蚊夜間戶外主要活動高峰為19：00-21：00,小高峰為4：00-5：00。王善莊村中華按蚊密度與同期平均相對濕度成正相關關系(P0.05)。(3)“搜捕法”和“黑箱法”研究發(fā)現,豬圈、羊圈和牛棚為中華按蚊戶內主要棲息場所；橋洞縫隙、茅廁頂部、草叢、柴草垛為戶外主要棲息場所。十八里鎮(zhèn)陳土樓村“窗阱法”研究發(fā)現,窗阱內僅捕獲中華按蚊5只；侯嶺鄉(xiāng)任湖村研究發(fā)現,窗阱內共捕獲中華按蚊26只,外棲比例僅11.8%；研究期內中華按蚊偏向室內棲息。(4)2010年,中華按蚊重捕獲率為0.83%(95%CI,0.50%-1.16%),最遠飛行距離為400米,80%的中華按蚊重捕獲自距離釋放點100米半徑內；2011年該蚊重捕獲率為1.33%(95%CI,0.92%-1.74%),最遠飛行距離為300米,90%重捕獲自距離釋放點100米半徑內。 結論(1)在以中華按蚊為主要傳瘧媒介的間日瘧流行區(qū),為有效地開展中華按蚊幼蟲控制,應重點針對該蚊偏好的水體類型、水體深度、化學耗氧量、氨氮和硫酸鹽含量等指標采取干預措施。(2)在現場環(huán)境中,中華按蚊嗜吸豬、羊、牛等家養(yǎng)動物血,不嗜吸人血。該蚊夜間活動高峰為19：00-21：00。建議在以中華按蚊為傳瘧媒介的間日瘧流行區(qū),應在人和家養(yǎng)動物密切接觸生境,于夜晚入睡前開展消殺工作。(3)在秋季,中華按蚊偏向戶內棲息。在該時期內,通過采取針對主要棲息場所的、室內滯留噴灑為主的中華按蚊防控措施,具有較高的成本—效益。(4)本研究為國內首次應用“標記-釋放-重捕”技術,在現場真實的環(huán)境中,進行中華按蚊飛行距離研究。中華按蚊重捕獲率較低,最遠飛行距離400米,且絕大多數在距離釋放點100米半徑范圍內重捕獲。因此,在我國消除瘧疾的關鍵時期,當某處發(fā)現瘧疾病例時,中華按蚊應急消殺的范圍應以該病例所處位置為圓心,周圍400米為半徑；其中,病例周圍100米半徑內為處理核心區(qū)。
[Abstract]:Objective (1) to study the breeding habits and related factors of Anopheles sinensis by field media investigation and laboratory molecular biology technology in Yongcheng, Henan Province, which is the representative area of the unstable region of the middle part of the malaria epidemic area in the middle of China. (2) the field media investigation and laboratory molecular biology technology are used. Study the habit of blood sucking and nocturnal activity of Anopheles sinensis; (3) study the habitability of Anopheles sinensis, explore the relationship between inhabitation and blood absorption, and (4) study the flight distance and related factors of Anopheles sinensis, and provide reference data for eliminating the emergency control range of Anopheles sinensis in China.
Methods (1) selected Yongcheng city with high, middle, low incidence of 1 township / town, each township / town, randomly selected 2 natural villages, using cross-sectional study methods to study the breeding habits of Anopheles sinensis and related factors; (2) select the high, middle, low incidence of 3 natural villages, using the "Latin square design" field research and " Combined with the laboratory test of multiple PCR technology, the blood sucking habit of Anopheles sinensis was studied. The blood sucking habits of the mosquito was compared with that of the same area. (3) 3 natural villages were selected in the high and middle incidence township / town, using the "search and capture method", "window well method" and "black box method", "natural capture". "" and "fluorescent labeling release" two sources of insect pests, study the habitability of the mosquito, (4) the use of "label release - re capture" technology, in the high, middle incidence of the township / town of the selection of 1 natural villages, using the "field capture" and "Laboratory breeding" a generation of Anopheles sinensis, two species of Anopheles sinensis, study the flying distance of Anopheles sinensis; Fluorescence detection was carried out after the trap lamp was caught.
Results (1) the larvae breeding ground of Anopheles sinensis is mainly a variety of large outdoor, medium water bodies, water depth is between 0.5-1.0 meters, the chemical oxygen consumption of most breeding water, ammonia nitrogen and sulfate content is low. (2) Anopheles sinensis is the single vector of malaria transmission in Yongcheng city. The abundances of Anopheles sinensis by different hosts are different (P0.01). Anopheles sinensis The hogs, sheep, cattle, dogs, dogs, people and chickens in different hosts are the same in different villages. At different nights, the mosquitoes tend to agree on the high and low uptake of different hosts. The human blood index of Anopheles sinensis is 2.94%., the peak of the main activity at night is 19:00-21:00, and the small peak is the Anopheles sinensis density in the village of 4:00-5: 0 and the average of the Anopheles sinensis at the same period. Relative humidity has a positive correlation (P0.05). (3) the study of "search and capture" and "black box" found that piggery, sheep circle and cowshed are the main inhabiting places of Anopheles sinensis indoors, the gap in the bridge, the top of the latrine, the grass and the hay stacks are the main inhabiting places. The study of "window well method" in Chen Lou village of eighteen Li Town found that the window well only captured China. 5 Anopheles and 5 Anopheles sinensis village in Hou Ling Township found 26 Anopheles sinensis in the window trap, only 11.8% of the Anopheles sinensis was caught in the study period. (4) in 2010, the Anopheles sinensis's heavy capture rate was 0.83% (95%CI, 0.50%-1.16%), the farthest flight distance was 400 meters, and 80% of the Anopheles sinensis was trapped in the radius of 100 meters from the distance release point. In 2011, the mosquito catch rate was 1.33% (95%CI, 0.92%-1.74%), the farthest flight distance was 300 meters, and the 90% capture was within 100 meters radius of the distance release point.
Conclusion (1) in order to effectively control the larvae of Anopheles sinensis with Anopheles sinensis as the main transmission vector of Anopheles sinensis, in order to effectively control the Anopheles sinensis larvae, we should focus on the water type, water depth, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and sulfate content. (2) in the field environment, Anopheles sinensis sucking to pigs, sheep and cattle. The peak of the night activity of the mosquito is 19:00-21:00.. The peak of the night activity of the mosquito is that the Anopheles sinensis is used as the malaria vector of Anopheles sinensis in the epidemic area of the Plasmodium vivax. In the autumn, the Anopheles sinensis should be inhabited indoors in the autumn. (3) in the autumn, the Anopheles sinensis will live in the indoor habitat. The prevention and control measures of Anopheles sinensis in the resting place and indoor detained spraying have high cost and benefit. (4) this study is the first application of "label release heavy arrest" technology in the country to study the flying distance of Anopheles sinensis in the real environment. The rate of the Anopheles sinensis's heavy capture is low, the farthest flight distance is 400 meters, and the vast majority of the Anopheles sinensis In the critical period of the 100 meter radius of the distance release point, in the critical period of eliminating malaria in our country, when malaria cases were found somewhere, the range of the Anopheles sinensis emergency killing should be in the center of the case and the radius of the surrounding 400 meters; of which, the radius of the 100 meter radius around the case is the core area.
【學位授予單位】：中國疾病預防控制中心
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R384.1

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