本文選題：Y染色體 + X染色體�。� 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了研究基因突變、基因轉(zhuǎn)變和同源重組對Y染色體的影響。我們利用分子生物學(xué)軟件對人類和黑猩猩Y染色體各類序列進行了詳細(xì)全面的比對,由各類序列的比對結(jié)果之間做兩兩對照,我們得出回文中基因轉(zhuǎn)變對突變的修復(fù)呈中性以及過多的重復(fù)序列之間的同源重組會對Y色體造成損害的結(jié)論。我們定義回文破缺率是單個堿基突變率與平均回文堿基修復(fù)率之差,由此給出了平均回文堿基修復(fù)率與同源序列同源性和回文臂與臂一致性的關(guān)系。而同源序列同源性和回文臂與臂一致性都是可以通過序列比對得到,于是得出了平均回文堿基修復(fù)率的具體數(shù)值。 DNA回文序列是一種常見的特殊DNA結(jié)構(gòu),它具有旋轉(zhuǎn)對稱性。本文通過分子生物學(xué)軟件對人類Y染色體Pl-P8八條DNA回文序列、人類X染色體上的二十條DNA回文序列和黑猩猩Y染色體上的十六條DNA回文序列進行比對,利用回文旋轉(zhuǎn)對稱性,尋找和統(tǒng)計了這些回文序列中對稱性突變的具體位點及破缺堿基的具體信息。通過分析統(tǒng)計結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)回文序列中的破缺更容易發(fā)生在簡單序列重復(fù)區(qū)域且破缺多發(fā)生在化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)上的相似的嘧啶與嘧啶之間和嘌呤與嘌呤之間,另外還發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)換突變與顛換突變的比值與突變堿基緊鄰的G+C含量成正相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of gene mutation, gene transformation and homologous recombination on Y chromosome. We made a detailed and comprehensive alignment between human and chimpanzee Y chromosome sequences by using molecular biology software. We conclude that the gene transformation in palindromes is neutral to the repair of mutation and that the homologous recombination of too many repeat sequences will damage the Y chromophore. We define the palindrome breaking rate as the difference between the single base mutation rate and the average palindrome repair rate. The relationship between the average palindrome repair rate and the homology between palindromes and the coherence between palindromes and palindromes is given. The homology of homologous sequences and the coherence of palindromes and arms can be obtained by sequence alignment, so the specific value of average palindrome repair rate is obtained. DNA palindromes are a common special DNA structure with rotational symmetry. Eight DNA palindromes on human Y chromosome, 20 DNA palindromes on human X chromosome and 16 DNA palindromes on chimpanzee Y chromosome were compared by molecular biology software. The specific sites of symmetry mutation and the specific information of breaking bases in these palindromes were found and counted. By analyzing the statistical results, it was found that the cleavage of palindromes was more likely to occur in the repeated regions of simple sequences and that the breaks occurred more frequently between pyrimidine and between purine and purine, which were similar in chemical structure. It was also found that the ratio of transition mutation to transversion mutation was positively correlated with the content of G C adjacent to the base of the mutation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：R346

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 張曉東;張傳富;彭科峰;顧文杰;曹立群;王立群;;生物信息學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫研究進展[J];生物信息學(xué);2006年03期

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本文編號：1880306