本文選題：乙狀竇后入路　切入點(diǎn)：靜脈　出處：《青島大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：[目的]通過對枕下乙狀竇后入路相關(guān)靜脈的構(gòu)成及毗鄰結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究,分析其解剖學(xué)特征及與周圍神經(jīng)、血管的關(guān)系,探討后顱窩靜脈系統(tǒng)及其變異對手術(shù)治療顱內(nèi)病變可能產(chǎn)生的影響。 [方法]利用15具尸頭標(biāo)本,動、靜脈分別以紅藍(lán)色乳膠灌注,在顯微鏡下模擬枕下乙狀竇后入路,觀察術(shù)中相關(guān)靜脈及其屬支的分布、走行及與周圍組織的關(guān)系,對巖靜脈等重要血管進(jìn)行詳細(xì)解剖并測量相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)；總結(jié)并掌握靜脈對病變定位和手術(shù)指導(dǎo)的作用。 [結(jié)果]乙狀竇后入路相關(guān)的靜脈可分為三部分：(1)初始部：包括橫竇,乙狀竇,小腦半球枕面淺靜脈；(2)中間部：腦橋、延髓前方及前外側(cè)靜脈及三腦裂中的靜脈等；(3)基底部：包括巖靜脈、巖上下竇等。橫竇-乙狀竇結(jié)合部(乙狀竇膝)對開顱時關(guān)鍵孔的定位具有指示作用。腦干外側(cè)靜脈可能會受到橋小腦角區(qū)病變的影響引起繼發(fā)性改變。巖靜脈應(yīng)該是引起是三叉神經(jīng)痛的病因之一。 [結(jié)論](1)后顱窩靜脈系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成變異較大,吻合眾多,小腦淺靜脈尤為多見；(2)部分靜脈與臨床疾病關(guān)系密切,以巖靜脈為代表；(2)部分靜脈在手術(shù)過程中具有定位和指導(dǎo)意義,以橫竇乙狀竇結(jié)合部為代表；(4)盡管靜脈血管吻合支眾多,但某些重要結(jié)構(gòu)間的靜脈仍應(yīng)盡量保留,以減少術(shù)后并發(fā)癥；(5)橋腦小腦角區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,遍布重要結(jié)構(gòu),應(yīng)完善術(shù)前影像學(xué)檢查并強(qiáng)化解剖及顯微手術(shù)訓(xùn)練。
[Abstract]:[objective] to analyze the anatomical characteristics and the relationship with peripheral nerves and blood vessels by studying the composition and adjacent structure of the vein associated with the retrosigmoid approach of the suboccipital sinus. To investigate the influence of posterior cranial fossa venous system and its variation on the surgical treatment of intracranial lesions. [methods] Fifteen cadaveric head specimens, arteries and veins were perfused with red and blue latex to simulate the retrosigmoid sinus approach under the microscope. The distribution of the related veins and their branches during the operation were observed, and the relationship between them and the surrounding tissues was observed. The important vessels such as petrosal vein were dissected in detail and relevant data were measured, and the role of vein in localization and operation guidance was summarized and grasped. [results] the vein associated with retrosigmoid approach can be divided into three parts: the initial part: transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, superficial occipital vein of the cerebellar hemisphere. The anterior and anterolateral veins of the medulla oblongata, and the veins in the cleft of the triencephalon. The transverse sinus-sigmoid sinus joint (sigmoid sinus knee) can indicate the location of the critical foramen during craniotomy. The lateral cerebral stem vein may be affected by the lesion of the cerebellopontine angle area and cause secondary changes. It should be one of the causes of trigeminal neuralgia. [conclusion] the posterior cranial fossa venous system is of great variation and anastomosis, especially the superficial cerebellar vein. Part of the veins is closely related to clinical diseases. Although there are many anastomosed branches of venous vessels, the veins between some important structures should be preserved as far as possible to reduce postoperative complications. 5) the structure of cerebellopontine angle area is complex, and the important structure is widespread. The preoperative imaging examination should be improved and the training of anatomy and microsurgery should be strengthened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R322

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