本文關(guān)鍵詞： 視皮層可塑性 單眼剝奪 突觸縮放 興奮性 抑制性　出處：《中華眼科醫(yī)學(xué)雜志(電子版)》2016年05期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：突觸縮放是穩(wěn)態(tài)可塑性研究中最常用的形式,神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)活動水平全局性的降低(如單眼形覺剝奪)可觸發(fā)突觸縮放機制。穩(wěn)態(tài)可塑性對于維持神經(jīng)元活動在正常范圍內(nèi)波動是必不可少的,它可以調(diào)控由于突觸強度增強或減弱引起的過高或過低的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動水平。大腦皮層的興奮性與抑制性平衡是維持正常腦功能的前提,而失衡則會誘發(fā)癲癇、帕金森及抑郁癥等多種神經(jīng)疾病。抑制性突觸的可塑性,在興奮性與抑制性平衡中扮演著關(guān)鍵角色。業(yè)內(nèi)既往的研究,多數(shù)集中在新皮層和海馬區(qū)的突觸縮放穩(wěn)態(tài)的可塑性方面,而對于視皮層區(qū)域的研究報導(dǎo)尚少。本文就單眼形覺剝奪觸發(fā)的視皮層興奮與抑制平衡穩(wěn)態(tài)突觸縮放調(diào)節(jié)機制的研究進展進行綜述。
[Abstract]:Synaptic scaling is the most commonly used form in the study of steady-state plasticity. A global decrease in the level of activity of the nervous system (such as monocular deprivation) triggers the mechanism of synaptic scaling. Steady-state plasticity is essential to maintain neuronal activity fluctuating in a normal range. It can regulate the high or too low level of neural network activity caused by the increase or decrease of synaptic intensity. The balance of excitability and inhibition of cerebral cortex is the premise to maintain normal brain function, and the imbalance will induce epilepsy. A variety of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and depression. The plasticity of inhibitory synapses plays a key role in the balance between excitability and depression. Most of them focus on the plasticity of synaptic scaling in neocortex and hippocampal area. However, there are few reports on the region of visual cortex. In this paper, the mechanism of excitation and inhibition of balanced stable synaptic scaling in the visual cortex triggered by monocular form deprivation is reviewed.
【作者單位】： 天津醫(yī)科大學(xué);天津市眼科醫(yī)院斜視與小兒眼科;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金青年科學(xué)基金項目(81300791)
【分類號】：R339.14
【正文快照】： 突觸自身穩(wěn)態(tài)可塑性機制是在神經(jīng)元及神經(jīng)回路發(fā)育過程中,通過自身穩(wěn)態(tài)模式調(diào)節(jié)突觸或內(nèi)源性興奮性,以保持神經(jīng)元相對恒定的放電率[1-2],將神經(jīng)回路的活性自動調(diào)整到某一期望的生理范圍。從無脊椎動物的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)到脊椎動物的脊髓、海馬體與皮層,均證實中樞神經(jīng)元自身穩(wěn)態(tài)可塑

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