本文關(guān)鍵詞：氯胺酮在家兔體內(nèi)的死后彌散研究　出處：《山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 氯胺酮 死后彌散 死后再分布 氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用法 氣相色譜法

【摘要】：目的 研究氯胺酮在家兔體內(nèi)的死后彌散過程,探討氯胺酮在動(dòng)物體內(nèi)的死后再分布機(jī)制,為濫用氯胺酮中毒和死亡案例檢材的合理選取、檢測(cè)結(jié)果的分析評(píng)價(jià)提供參考依據(jù),同時(shí)為氯胺酮生前服毒與死后染毒的鑒別提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。 方法 1.氯胺酮分析檢測(cè)方法：家兔體液、組織樣品勻漿后加入內(nèi)標(biāo)物SKF525A,堿化,乙醚萃取,利用保留時(shí)間結(jié)合特征離子峰(GC/MS)定性分析,內(nèi)標(biāo)法和工作曲線法(GC-NPD)定量分析樣品中氯胺酮含量。 2.氯胺酮在去胃家兔體內(nèi)的死后再分布：實(shí)驗(yàn)組家兔以150mg·kg-1劑量氯胺酮灌胃,2h后缺氧處死,去胃,家兔尸體仰臥位置于室溫(19℃-24℃)條件下,于死后不同時(shí)間(0h、3h、6h、12h、24h、48h、72h、96h)分別取心肌、肝臟、脾臟、肺臟、腎臟、腦、左上肢肌肉、左下肢肌肉、心血、外周血、尿液、膽汁和玻璃體液等13個(gè)樣品,檢測(cè)其中氯胺酮含量；對(duì)照組家兔以生理鹽水灌胃,各對(duì)應(yīng)樣品為空白對(duì)照。 3.氯胺酮在家兔體內(nèi)的死后彌散：實(shí)驗(yàn)組家兔缺氧處死后,以150mg·kg-1劑量灌胃氯胺酮,家兔尸體仰臥位置于室溫(19℃-24℃)條件下,于給藥后不同時(shí)間(3h、6h、12h、24h、48h、72h、96h)分別取心肌、肝臟、脾臟、肺臟、腎臟、腦、左上肢肌肉、左下肢肌肉、心血、外周血、尿液、膽汁和玻璃體液等13個(gè)樣品,檢測(cè)其中氯胺酮含量；對(duì)照組家兔以生理鹽水灌胃,各對(duì)應(yīng)樣品為空白對(duì)照。 結(jié)果 1.家兔以150mg·kg-1劑量氯胺酮灌胃2h后,缺氧處死,急性中毒家兔體內(nèi)氯胺酮的濃度大小依次是：尿液腎臟腦肝臟、肺臟心肌、脾臟左上/下肢肌肉膽汁心血、外周血玻璃體液(P0.05)。氯胺酮灌胃家兔處死去胃后尸體放置0h-96h內(nèi),氯胺酮在家兔心肌、肝臟、肺臟、左上/下肢肌肉、尿液、心血和膽汁中的含量變化與0h相比無顯著性差異(P0.05)。 2.家兔缺氧處死后,以150mg·kg-1劑量氯胺酮灌胃,家兔尸體仰臥放置3h-96h內(nèi),其腦、玻璃體液、尿液、左上/下肢肌肉中均未檢測(cè)到氯胺酮；家兔死后氯胺酮灌胃放置24h后,心肌、心血和外周血中檢出氯胺酮,24h-96h內(nèi)其含量變化無顯著性差異(P0.05),且心血中氯胺酮含量均大于外周血(P0.05),心血與外周血中的氯胺酮含量比值(C/P)為1.73(1.48-2.03)；48h時(shí)脾臟、肺臟和肝臟中均檢出氯胺酮,48h-96h內(nèi)脾臟、肺臟和肝臟中氯胺酮濃度隨時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)遞增(P0.05)。從胃中彌散到肺臟和肝臟中氯胺酮濃度與其在解剖學(xué)上距離胃的遠(yuǎn)近有關(guān),距離胃部越近,氯胺酮的彌散速率越快,氯胺酮濃度越高,反之,距離胃部越遠(yuǎn),氯胺酮的彌散速率越慢,氯胺酮濃度越低。 結(jié)論 家兔以氯胺酮灌胃給藥后立即去胃,排除胃對(duì)其相鄰組織器官的影響,各組織臟器及體液中氯胺酮含量無顯著性變化,基本趨于穩(wěn)定。結(jié)果提示,排除家兔尸體存放過程中胃內(nèi)高濃度氯胺酮對(duì)其相鄰組織器官中氯胺酮濃度的影響后,家兔體內(nèi)血液豐富的其他臟器(也可以作為毒物蓄積器官)如心肌、肝臟、肺臟、脾臟等對(duì)死后再分布的影響不明顯。 胃內(nèi)氯胺酮在家兔體內(nèi)的死后彌散實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果說明,胃作為毒物蓄積庫,對(duì)于氯胺酮在動(dòng)物體內(nèi)的死后再分布過程起到了順濃度梯度擴(kuò)散作用,即氯胺酮在家兔體內(nèi)存在死后彌散現(xiàn)象,且彌散量和各臟器與胃在解剖學(xué)上距離遠(yuǎn)近有關(guān)。死后氯胺酮灌胃組家兔放置96h內(nèi),腦、玻璃體液、尿液、左上/下肢肌肉等樣品中均未檢測(cè)到氯胺酮,不受死后彌散的影響,可作為生前服毒與死后染毒氯胺酮的鑒別依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:objective
Study on dispersion of ketamine in rabbits after the death of the animal to investigate the effect of ketamine on the postmortem distribution mechanism, reasonable selection of ketamine poisoning and death case materials, to provide reference for the analysis and evaluation of test results, at the same time as before and after the death of ketamine poison exposure to identify and provide experimental basis.
Method
1. ketamine analysis and detection method: rabbit body fluid, tissue samples were homogenized, added internal standard SKF525A, alkalization, ether extraction, retention time combined with characteristic ion peak (GC/MS) qualitative analysis, internal standard method and working curve method (GC-NPD), quantitative analysis of ketamine content in samples.
The 2. redistribution of ketamine in rabbits after death: the stomach of rabbits in the experimental group with 150mg kg-1 dose of ketamine administered, 2h after hypoxia were to stomach, rabbit corpses supine at room temperature (19 DEG -24 DEG) conditions in different time after death (0h, 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h. 48h, 72h, 96h) were collected from the myocardium, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, left upper limb muscles, left lower limb muscle, blood, peripheral blood, urine, 13 samples of bile and vitreous fluid, to detect the concentration of ketamine; rabbits in control group were fed with saline, the corresponding samples for blank control.
3. ketamine in rabbits postmortem diffusion: the death of rabbits in the experimental group after hypoxia in 150mg kg-1 dose administered ketamine in rabbits body supine at room temperature (19 DEG -24 DEG) conditions in different time after administration (3H, 6h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h) respectively. Heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, left upper limb muscles, left lower limb muscle, blood, peripheral blood, urine, 13 samples of bile and vitreous fluid, to detect the concentration of ketamine; rabbits in control group were fed with saline, the corresponding samples as control.
Result
1. rabbits with 150mg kg-1 dose ketamine intragastric administration of 2h after hypoxia were concentration of acute poisoned rabbits were: Ketamine urine kidney liver spleen lung brain, myocardium, left upper / lower limb muscles of bile blood, peripheral blood vitreous fluid (P0.05). Intragastric administration of ketamine to gastric body of rabbits after the placement of 0h-96h in ketamine in rabbit myocardium, liver, lung, left upper / lower limb muscles, urine, compared with no significant changes in the content of blood and bile and the difference of 0h (P0.05).
2. rabbits were sacrificed after hypoxia in 150mg kg-1 dose of ketamine administered, rabbit corpses placed supine 3h-96h within the brain, vitreous fluid, urine, left upper / lower limb muscles were not detected in ketamine; myocardium in rabbits after death after intragastric administration of ketamine placed 24h, ketamine, detection of blood and peripheral blood, 24h-96h the changes of the content of no significant difference (P0.05), and ketamine in blood were higher than the content of peripheral blood (P0.05), the ratio of ketamine concentration in blood and peripheral blood (C/P) 1.73 (1.48-2.03); 48h was detected in spleen, lung and liver of ketamine, 48h-96h in spleen, lung concentration of ketamine and in the liver with time increasing (P0.05). The concentration of ketamine diffusion to the lung and liver from the stomach and the anatomical distance is the distance of stomach, stomach closer, the faster the rate of diffusion of ketamine and ketamine concentration is high, on the other hand, the distance of the stomach In addition, the slower the diffusion rate of ketamine, the lower the concentration of ketamine.
conclusion
Go to the stomach immediately in rabbits after intragastric administration of ketamine, to eliminate the effect of the adjacent gastric tissues and organs, organs and body fluids ketamine content in different tissues had no significant changes, tends to be stable. The results showed that high concentration of ketamine in the stomach to exclude rabbit corpses during storage of ketamine concentration in tissues and organs after the adjacent and other organs in vivo blood rich (also can be used as a poison accumulation organ such as heart, liver), lung, spleen and other effects of redistribution after death is not obvious.
In the stomach of ketamine in rabbits after the death of diffusion. The experiment results show that the stomach poison accumulation as base for redistribution of ketamine in animal body after death process to concentration gradient diffusion, i.e. in the presence of ketamine in rabbits after the death of dispersion, and the dispersion and the viscera and stomach in the anatomical distance. After the death of ketamine gavage group rabbits placed 96h in brain, vitreous fluid, urine, left upper / lower limb muscles samples were not detected in ketamine, not affected by diffusion after death, can be used as a basis for the identification of ketamine exposure before and after the death of the poison.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R363

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