本文關(guān)鍵詞：英漢兒童話輪轉(zhuǎn)換語用策略使用對比研究

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【摘要】：話輪轉(zhuǎn)換是兒童會話能力很重要的一個方面,兒童在開口說話之前就已經(jīng)能夠通過非語言方式與成人進行話輪轉(zhuǎn)換。隨著語言運用能力的發(fā)展,兒童逐漸懂得運用適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言表達自己的交往傾向,并根據(jù)不同情境的需要運用適當(dāng)?shù)牟呗蚤_展與他人的交流。兒童在學(xué)齡前階段,就基本上掌握了與成人類似的話輪轉(zhuǎn)換語用策略。本課題將在話輪轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則的指導(dǎo)下來分析兒童在會話過程中話輪轉(zhuǎn)換語用策略的發(fā)展及運用情況。本課題運用實驗研究法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法、個案跟蹤調(diào)查法、文獻資料法,對長期跟蹤調(diào)查的兩名說漢語兒童MHR(01;09;05-06;05;03)和ZHZ(01;09;06-06;05;23)語料中選取50個對稱觀察點,將兒童話輪轉(zhuǎn)換策略分為四類:話輪獲得策略,話輪保持策略,話輪出讓策略及重疊和冷場的修復(fù)策略,并對兒童話輪轉(zhuǎn)換策略運用的總體情況,對各類策略運用的頻率和特征進行研究。對來自Brown語料庫的ADA(02;03;18-05;02;12)和SAR(02;03;19-05;01;06)兩名說英語兒童的語料進行同上分析;同時對說漢語兒童和說英語兒童的話輪轉(zhuǎn)換策略運用情況進行跨語言對比研究,探討了兩種說不同母語兒童產(chǎn)生的相似性和差異性,并分析其形成原因。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)兒童早在學(xué)齡前階段就已經(jīng)能夠運用策略實現(xiàn)獲得話輪,保持話輪,出讓話輪及修復(fù)會話過程中出現(xiàn)的重疊及冷場;(2)在四類話輪轉(zhuǎn)換語用策略中,出讓話輪策略的運用明顯高于其他三類話輪轉(zhuǎn)換策略,其次是獲得話輪策略,保住話輪的策略及重疊和冷場修復(fù)策略的運用遠遠少于前兩類;(3)在會話過程中,男孩運用話輪轉(zhuǎn)換策略的總數(shù)明顯高于女孩;(4)在相同年齡段的語料中,說漢語兒童話輪轉(zhuǎn)換策略運用的總數(shù)高于說英語兒童;(5)說漢語兒童獲得話輪策略及出讓話輪策略數(shù)量明顯高于說英語兒童,保住話輪策略及重疊與冷場的修復(fù)策略的運用明顯低于說英語兒童。兒童話輪轉(zhuǎn)換語用策略的運用與兒童的年齡、外部語言環(huán)境及兒童自身的認知能力有關(guān)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】：英漢兒童 話輪轉(zhuǎn)換策略 個案跟蹤 對比分析
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H136;H313
【目錄】：

• 摘要5-6
• ABSTRACT6-14
• Abbreviations14-15
• Introduction15-19
• Chapter 1 Literature Review19-35
• 1.1 An Overview of Studies on Turn-taking19-24
• 1.2 An Overview of Studies on Pragmatic Strategies24-26
• 1.3 Studies on Children’s Pragmatic Strategies in Turn-taking26-30
• 1.3.1 English-speaking Children’s Pragmatic Strategies in Turn-taking26-27
• 1.3.2 Mandarin-speaking Children’s Pragmatic Strategies in Turn-taking27-30
• 1.4 Classification of Pragmatic Strategies in Turn-taking30-35
• Chapter 2 A Longitudinal Study of Mandarin-speaking Children’sTurn-taking Pragmatic Strategies35-71
• 2.1 Subjects and Method35-36
• 2.2 Data Collection and Sort-up36-37
• 2.3 Results37-43
• 2.3.1 Turn-claiming Pragmatic Strategies39-40
• 2.3.2 Turn-holding Pragmatic Strategies40-41
• 2.3.3 Turn-yielding Pragmatic Strategies41-42
• 2.3.4 Repairing Strategies for Overlap and Silence42-43
• 2.4 Discussion43-71
• 2.4.1 Children’s Pragmatic Strategies in Claiming a Turn43-51
• 2.4.2 Children’s Pragmatic Strategies in Holding a Turn51-58
• 2.4.3 Children’s Pragmatic Strategies in Yielding a Turn58-66
• 2.4.4 Children’s Repairing Strategies for Overlap and Silence66-71
• Chapter 3 A Study of English-speaking Children’s Turn-takingPragmatic Strategies71-99
• 3.1 Subjects and Method and Data Sort-up71-72
• 3.2 Results72-78
• 3.2.1 Turn-claiming Pragmatic strategies73-75
• 3.2.2 Turn-holding Pragmatic Strategies75-76
• 3.2.3 Turn-yielding Pragmatic Strategies76-77
• 3.2.4 Repairing Strategies for Overlap and Silence77-78
• 3.3 Discussion78-99
• 3.3.1 Children’s Pragmatic Strategies in Claiming a Turn79-84
• 3.3.2 Children’s Pragmatic Strategies in Holding a Turn84-89
• 3.3.3 Children’s Pragmatic Strategies in Yielding a Turn89-95
• 3.3.4 Children’s Repairing Strategies for Overlap and Silence95-99
• Chapter 4 An Analysis of Mandarin and English-speaking Children’sTurn-taking Pragmatic Strategies99-111
• 4.1 A Comparison of Mandarin and English-speaking Children’s Turn-takingPragmatic Strategies99-108
• 4.1.1 A Comparison of Turn-claiming Pragmatic Strategies101-102
• 4.1.2 A Comparison of Turn-holding Pragmatic Strategies102-104
• 4.1.3 A Comparison of Turn-yielding Pragmatic Strategies104-106
• 4.1.4 A Comparison of Repairing Strategies for Overlap and Silence106-108
• 4.2 Reasons for Differences Between Mandarin and English-speaking Children’sTurn-taking Pragmatic Strategies108-111
• 4.2.1 Language Environment108-109
• 4.2.2 Children’s Development of Individual Cognitive Competence109-111
• Conclusion111-114
• Bibliography114-117
• Acknowledgements117-118
• Appendix A(攻讀學(xué)位期間主要研究成果目錄)118-119
• Appendix B Tables for Selected Sessions119-121
• Appendix C Tables for Subjects’ Tokens of Turn-taking Pragmatic Strategies121-125
• Appendix D Tables for Subjects’ Tokens of Each Concrete Turn-taking Pragmatic Strategy125-129
• Appendix E Examples of Turn-taking Pragmatic Strategies from MHR, ZHZ, ADA and SAR129-162
• Appendix F Sample of Transcription162-166
• Appendix G(中文長摘要)166-169

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