【摘要】：概數(shù)的表達(dá),是模糊量的表達(dá)方式之一。世界上任何一種語言都有對概數(shù)的表示方法,這是因?yàn)槿藗兊恼J(rèn)知能力有限,而我們生活的世界卻是無限的,需要我們不斷地去認(rèn)知去探索的,這樣便使有些事物的數(shù)詞或者說量化的結(jié)果不完全,而我們在日常交際中往往還需要表達(dá)我們的想法,這時(shí)候概數(shù)的出現(xiàn)使問題迎刃而解了,漢語也不例外。本文以“現(xiàn)代漢語概數(shù)”,以其為研究焦點(diǎn)對象,考察與現(xiàn)代漢語概數(shù)相關(guān)的問題。全文總共分為六章,具體如下:第一部分為引言,主要介紹的是選題的緣由、現(xiàn)代漢語中概數(shù)研究的現(xiàn)狀和取得的成績,并在綜合總結(jié)前人的基礎(chǔ)上提出本文研究的意義及其使用的研究方法和語料來源。第一章主要討論的是前人對概數(shù)定義和概數(shù)范疇歸屬的問題,在此基礎(chǔ)上對“概數(shù)”重新概括定義,肯定了概數(shù)應(yīng)屬于語義范疇,并歸納總結(jié)概數(shù)范疇的五個(gè)特點(diǎn)。第二章一方面從本體、客體、人類社會三個(gè)方面分析概數(shù)產(chǎn)生的原因,另一方面從句法層面分析概數(shù)助詞的詞類歸屬問題。第三章和第四章總結(jié)歸納常用概數(shù)的表示方法。第五章運(yùn)用歸納與演繹相結(jié)合的方法,以言語交際中的實(shí)例為依據(jù)總結(jié)概數(shù)表達(dá)的四種區(qū)間取值范圍。第六章從概數(shù)表達(dá)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性、合作性、禮貌性和自我保護(hù)性、認(rèn)知角度的范疇化四個(gè)方面來表達(dá)概數(shù)在具體的語言使用中的語用價(jià)值。本文以概數(shù)為研究對象,從句法、語義、語用三大方面進(jìn)行分類總結(jié),運(yùn)用定量與定性相結(jié)合、描寫與分析相結(jié)合、歸納與演繹相結(jié)合的方法,力求從語法、語義、語用三大方面對概數(shù)范疇進(jìn)行全方位的闡述。
[Abstract]:The expression of estimate is one of the expressions of fuzzy quantity. Every language in the world has a way of expressing estimates, because people's cognitive abilities are limited, and the world we live in is infinite and requires us to continue to understand and explore. In this way, the numerals or quantification results of some things are not complete, and we often need to express our ideas in our daily communication. At this time, the problem can be easily solved by the appearance of estimates, and Chinese is no exception. In this paper, we focus on Modern Chinese estimates and examine the problems related to them. The full text is divided into six chapters, as follows: the first part is the introduction, which mainly introduces the reason of the topic, the present situation and achievements of the research on the approximate number in modern Chinese. On the basis of summing up the predecessors, this paper puts forward the significance of the research, the research methods and the source of the corpus. In the first chapter, the author mainly discusses the definition of estimate and the attribution of the category of estimate. On this basis, the author redefines the definition of "estimate", affirms that the estimate should belong to semantic category, and sums up the five characteristics of the category of estimate. The second chapter analyzes the causes of the estimate from three aspects: ontology, object and human society, on the other hand, analyzes the attribution of the part of speech of the approximate auxiliary from the syntactic level. The third and fourth chapters summarize the expression methods of common estimates. The fifth chapter uses the method of inductive and deductive to sum up the range of four intervals in terms of examples in verbal communication. The sixth chapter expresses the pragmatic value of the estimate in specific language use from four aspects: economy, cooperation, politeness and self-protection, and categorization of cognitive perspective. This paper, taking the estimate as the research object, classifies and summarizes it from three aspects: syntax, semantics and pragmatics, combines quantitative and qualitative analysis, description and analysis, induces and deduces, and tries its best to combine grammar and semantics. The three aspects of pragmatics give an all-round exposition of the category of estimate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H136

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