【摘要】：漢語(yǔ)拼音作為漢字拼寫和認(rèn)讀的工具，無(wú)論是在傳統(tǒng)的母語(yǔ)教學(xué)、新興的對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)、辭書出版、拼音教材的編寫和出版還是中文信息處理中都起著無(wú)可替代的作用，而且隨著漢語(yǔ)在國(guó)際地位上的日益提高，漢語(yǔ)拼音的作用越來(lái)越明顯。給漢字注音的歷史比較久遠(yuǎn)，但是用漢語(yǔ)拼音給漢字注音僅僅是上世紀(jì)才開始的。1958年頒布的《漢語(yǔ)拼音方案》為漢語(yǔ)拼音拼寫提供了規(guī)范性的依據(jù)，1988年公布的《漢語(yǔ)拼音正詞法基本規(guī)則》又規(guī)定了“詞式”書寫的拼寫方式�！稘h語(yǔ)拼音方案》和《漢語(yǔ)拼音正詞法基本規(guī)則》像漢語(yǔ)拼音規(guī)范化的兩條腿一樣，在普通話的注音過(guò)程中起著重要的規(guī)范和引導(dǎo)作用。 但是《漢語(yǔ)拼音方案》和《漢語(yǔ)拼音正詞法基本規(guī)則》都是基本的方案和規(guī)則，而在實(shí)際的拼寫過(guò)程中還是存在很多具體的問(wèn)題的。對(duì)于漢語(yǔ)拼音拼寫方法的研究目前還不是很多。本文正是基于以上原因才進(jìn)行的研究。 本文采用的是基于語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的研究方法。我們首先建立了漢語(yǔ)詞匯語(yǔ)料庫(kù)，收錄了來(lái)自《辭�！返�6版、《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)常用詞表》、《編年本新詞語(yǔ)》（2003~2009）、《中醫(yī)詞條》、《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》第5版、《新詞語(yǔ)》等六本詞典中的詞條，，然后對(duì)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)進(jìn)行加工，標(biāo)注詞條信息，在標(biāo)注的基礎(chǔ)上提取出了12萬(wàn)條左右的普通語(yǔ)詞，并按音節(jié)數(shù)將其分為單音節(jié)詞庫(kù)、雙音節(jié)詞庫(kù)、三音節(jié)詞庫(kù)、四音節(jié)詞庫(kù)、五音節(jié)及以上詞庫(kù)。在語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中，按照2012年新頒布的《漢語(yǔ)拼音正詞法基本規(guī)則》對(duì)詞條進(jìn)行了拼音標(biāo)注，并根據(jù)其結(jié)構(gòu)類型的特點(diǎn)做了分類標(biāo)注。 本文就是在上述語(yǔ)料庫(kù)標(biāo)注加工的基礎(chǔ)上，分類來(lái)說(shuō)明各個(gè)音節(jié)的詞條的拼寫方法。由于單、雙音節(jié)的拼寫非常簡(jiǎn)單，在這里不做分析，僅對(duì)三音節(jié)及以上的詞條做了拼寫法的說(shuō)明。三音節(jié)、四音節(jié)獨(dú)立成章，五音節(jié)及以上的成一章，每一類里面又分為詞和短語(yǔ)兩個(gè)大的部分來(lái)討論拼寫方法。而詞的拼寫方法以連寫為主。短語(yǔ)的拼寫方法是在語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)分析的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的。有的短語(yǔ)稍微復(fù)雜些，不止一層結(jié)構(gòu)，所以在分析的時(shí)候要分析徹底，這樣才能保證拼寫的正確性。除此之外，我們還會(huì)參考語(yǔ)音和語(yǔ)用的原則。 本文的研究成果是對(duì)《漢語(yǔ)拼音正詞法基本規(guī)則》的一種細(xì)化、實(shí)踐和應(yīng)用。對(duì)于《漢語(yǔ)拼音正詞法基本規(guī)則》的實(shí)施和推廣有著非常重要的價(jià)值。而對(duì)于辭書注音、對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)、拼音教材的出版業(yè)有著非常重要的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:As a tool for spelling and recognition of Chinese characters, Hanyu Pinyin plays an irreplaceable role in the traditional mother tongue teaching, the emerging teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, the publication of dictionaries, the compilation and publication of Pinyin textbooks and the processing of Chinese information. And with the increasing international status of Chinese, the role of Pinyin is becoming more and more obvious. The history of pronunciation of Chinese characters is quite long, but the Pinyin of Chinese characters began only in the last century. The "Hanyu Pinyin Program" promulgated in 1958 provides a normative basis for spelling the Chinese phonetic alphabet. The basic rules of orthography of Chinese phonetic alphabet published in 1988 also stipulated the spelling method of "word type" writing. "the scheme of Chinese phonetic alphabet" and "basic rule of orthography of Chinese phonetic pronunciation" are like the two legs of standardization of Chinese phonetic alphabet. Putonghua phonetic process plays an important role in the regulation and guidance. However, the Chinese Pinyin Scheme and the basic rules of orthography of Chinese Pinyin are both basic schemes and rules. However, there are still many concrete problems in the actual spelling process. At present, there are not many researches on spelling methods of Chinese phonetic alphabet. This paper is based on the above reasons for the study. This paper uses a corpus-based approach. We first set up the Chinese lexical corpus, which was collected from the 6th edition of Cihai, the list of Common words in Modern Chinese, the New words of chronology (20032009), the entry of traditional Chinese Medicine, the Fifth edition of the Dictionary of Modern Chinese. "New words" and other words in six dictionaries, then processed the corpus, annotated the entry information, extracted about 120000 common words on the basis of tagging, and divided them into monosyllabic lexicon and dicyllabic lexicon according to the number of syllables. A three-syllable lexicon, a four-syllable lexicon, a five-syllable lexicon and more. In the corpus, according to the "basic rules of orthography of Chinese Pinyin" promulgated in 2012, the Pinyin tagging is carried out, and the tagging is made according to the characteristics of its structure type. Based on the processing of corpus annotation, this paper explains the spelling method of each syllable by classification. Since the spelling of monosyllabic and dicyllabic is very simple, there is no analysis here, only three syllables and above are spelt out. Three syllables, four syllables in separate chapters, five syllables and more in one chapter, each of which is divided into two large parts of words and phrases to discuss spelling. The spelling of words is mainly composed of continuous writing. The spelling of phrases is based on the analysis of grammatical structures. Some phrases are slightly more complex, more than one layer of structure, so the analysis should be thorough to ensure the correct spelling. In addition, we will refer to the principles of phonetics and pragmatics. The research result of this paper is a kind of refinement, practice and application to the basic rules of orthography of Chinese phonetic alphabet. It has very important value for the implementation and popularization of the basic rules of orthography of Chinese phonetic alphabet. For the pronunciation of dictionaries, teaching Chinese as a foreign language, the publishing of Pinyin textbooks has very important reference value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H125.3

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