現(xiàn)代漢語“別說”的句法、語義及語用功能研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-02-21 12:09
【摘要】：“別說”是現(xiàn)代漢語中一個復(fù)雜的語言單位。前人對“別說”的研究多集中在兩個方面。一是對“別說”性質(zhì)的判定,并且認為：“別說”具有動詞短語性質(zhì)、連詞性質(zhì)及話語標記性質(zhì)。其次是對“別說”復(fù)句的認知,認為“別說”復(fù)句屬于遞進復(fù)句。到目前為止,學(xué)術(shù)界對“別說”的研究以分支型研究為主,尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)有對“別說”進行綜合考察和總結(jié)的文章。本文根據(jù)從北京大學(xué)中國語言學(xué)研究中心檢索得到的語料,采用解釋和描寫相結(jié)合、定量和定性相結(jié)合的分析方法,欲從語法、語義和語用角度對“別說”的句法特征、語義特征、語用功能進行盡可能詳盡、全面地研究。 從共時層面考察“別說”我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),動詞短語、連詞、話語標記性質(zhì)的“別說”在現(xiàn)代漢語中共存。本文重點構(gòu)擬了“別說”語法化的途徑：動詞短語“別說1”同時往兩條不同路徑發(fā)生語法化,得到連詞“別說2”和話語標記“別說3”。在考察話語標記“別說3”的過程中,本文還分析了其下位子類焦點標記“別說4”,認為它的作用在于標明和凸顯其后的語用焦點的程度高到難以言說的地步。 連詞“別說2”的句法特征：多出現(xiàn)在復(fù)句的前一分句且常和關(guān)聯(lián)詞搭配使用；其后連接體詞性成分和謂詞性成分及小句。本文以“別說2”遞進復(fù)句的代表格式“別說A B,就連C也D”為考察對象,分析了它的語義特征：被描寫判斷項A、C處于同語義場且兩者之間有一定量級差；描寫判斷項B、D處于同一語義范疇。從語用功能來考察“別說2”遞進復(fù)句,認為它的語用功能表現(xiàn)在：表達說話人對“別說：”后接事物的“貶低輕視”或“抬高排除”。 論文最后考察了話語標記“別說3”。話語標記“別說3”的句法特征包括：首先它有多個語用變體,語用變體通過兩種途徑得到,即：單個/多個副詞+“別說3”或者你(您)+單個/多個副詞+“別說3”。其次它可出現(xiàn)在句首或句中；第三它可自由連接多種句類。話語標記“別說3”在不同語篇、句段中的語用功能：加強篇章銜接、表達意外之情等。
[Abstract]:Don't speak is a complicated language unit in modern Chinese. Previous studies on Don't say have focused on two aspects. The first is to judge the nature of "don't say" and think that "don't say" has the nature of verb phrase, conjunction and discourse mark. The second part is the cognition of "don't say" complex sentence, that is, "don't say" complex sentence belongs to progressive complex sentence. Up to now, the academic research on "don't say" is mainly about branching research, but there is no comprehensive investigation and summary of "don't say". Based on the data retrieved from the Center of Chinese Linguistics of Peking University, this paper adopts an analytical method of combining interpretation and description, quantitative and qualitative analysis, and tries to analyze the syntactic features of "Don't say" from the grammatical, semantic and pragmatic perspectives. Semantic features and pragmatic functions are studied in detail and in a comprehensive manner. From a synchronic point of view, we can find that verb phrases, conjunctions and discourse markers coexist in modern Chinese. This paper focuses on the grammaticalization of "don't say": the verb phrase "don't say 1" is grammaticalized along two different paths at the same time, and the conjunction "don't say 2" and the discourse marker "don't say 3" are obtained. In the course of studying the discourse marker "Don't say 3", this paper also analyzes its subcategory focus marker "don't say 4", and holds that its function is to indicate and highlight the subsequent pragmatic focus to the extent that it is difficult to say. The syntactic features of conjunctions "Don't say 2" are as follows: most of them appear in the preceding clause of complex sentence and are often used in conjunction with relative words, and then the part of speech component and predicate component and clause of connective aspect are used. This paper analyzes the semantic characteristics of "Don't say A B, even C and D", the representative format of "Don't say 2" progressive complex sentence, and analyzes its semantic characteristics: the described judgment term AHOC is in the same semantic field and there is a certain amount of difference between the two; The description judgment term BFD is in the same semantic category. This paper examines the progressive complex sentence of "Don't say 2" in terms of its pragmatic function, and points out that its pragmatic function is to express the speaker's "belittling" or "elevation exclusion" of "don't say:" followed by things. Finally, the thesis examines the discourse marker "Don't say 3". The syntactic features of discourse marker "Don't say 3" include: first of all, it has multiple pragmatic variants, which are obtained through two ways: single / multiple adverbs "Don't say 3" or you (you) single / multiple adverbs "Don't say 3". Second, it can appear at the beginning or in the sentence; third, it can freely connect with a variety of sentence classes. The pragmatic functions of the discourse marker "Don't say 3" in different discourse and sentence paragraphs are as follows: strengthening cohesion, expressing surprise and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146
本文編號：2427483
[Abstract]:Don't speak is a complicated language unit in modern Chinese. Previous studies on Don't say have focused on two aspects. The first is to judge the nature of "don't say" and think that "don't say" has the nature of verb phrase, conjunction and discourse mark. The second part is the cognition of "don't say" complex sentence, that is, "don't say" complex sentence belongs to progressive complex sentence. Up to now, the academic research on "don't say" is mainly about branching research, but there is no comprehensive investigation and summary of "don't say". Based on the data retrieved from the Center of Chinese Linguistics of Peking University, this paper adopts an analytical method of combining interpretation and description, quantitative and qualitative analysis, and tries to analyze the syntactic features of "Don't say" from the grammatical, semantic and pragmatic perspectives. Semantic features and pragmatic functions are studied in detail and in a comprehensive manner. From a synchronic point of view, we can find that verb phrases, conjunctions and discourse markers coexist in modern Chinese. This paper focuses on the grammaticalization of "don't say": the verb phrase "don't say 1" is grammaticalized along two different paths at the same time, and the conjunction "don't say 2" and the discourse marker "don't say 3" are obtained. In the course of studying the discourse marker "Don't say 3", this paper also analyzes its subcategory focus marker "don't say 4", and holds that its function is to indicate and highlight the subsequent pragmatic focus to the extent that it is difficult to say. The syntactic features of conjunctions "Don't say 2" are as follows: most of them appear in the preceding clause of complex sentence and are often used in conjunction with relative words, and then the part of speech component and predicate component and clause of connective aspect are used. This paper analyzes the semantic characteristics of "Don't say A B, even C and D", the representative format of "Don't say 2" progressive complex sentence, and analyzes its semantic characteristics: the described judgment term AHOC is in the same semantic field and there is a certain amount of difference between the two; The description judgment term BFD is in the same semantic category. This paper examines the progressive complex sentence of "Don't say 2" in terms of its pragmatic function, and points out that its pragmatic function is to express the speaker's "belittling" or "elevation exclusion" of "don't say:" followed by things. Finally, the thesis examines the discourse marker "Don't say 3". The syntactic features of discourse marker "Don't say 3" include: first of all, it has multiple pragmatic variants, which are obtained through two ways: single / multiple adverbs "Don't say 3" or you (you) single / multiple adverbs "Don't say 3". Second, it can appear at the beginning or in the sentence; third, it can freely connect with a variety of sentence classes. The pragmatic functions of the discourse marker "Don't say 3" in different discourse and sentence paragraphs are as follows: strengthening cohesion, expressing surprise and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146
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