漢語空主語的生成語法研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-13 19:46
【摘要】：空語類概念是喬姆斯基在上個(gè)世紀(jì)八十年代提出的�？照Z類現(xiàn)象反映了與人類語言有關(guān)的心智模式,對(duì)其的研究是原則參數(shù)模式研究的重要組成部分。 空語類共分四類,空主語是其中之一,指沒有語音形式而有語義內(nèi)容的主語成分,生成語法學(xué)認(rèn)為空主語主要由大代號(hào)PRO和小代號(hào)pro組成。大代號(hào)PRO往往位于非限定句的主語位置,因?yàn)榫渲兄挥羞@個(gè)位置不受管轄�？刂评碚撠�(fù)責(zé)PRO的所指問題,有主語控制、部分控制和任意控制等控制類型。小代號(hào)pro主要出現(xiàn)在限定句的主語位置,它的所指由動(dòng)詞中心語和主目語之間的一致性特征決定。允許pro存在的語言被稱為“主語脫落語言(pro-drop language)",主語脫落語言一般具有豐富的形態(tài)系統(tǒng)。 空主語理論的提出引起了語言學(xué)界的極大關(guān)注。但其相關(guān)經(jīng)典理論主要建立在對(duì)英語、意大利語等印歐語言的研究之上,因此很多語言學(xué)者曾用各自的本土語言對(duì)空主語理論進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。鑒于此,本文亦以漢語空主語為研究對(duì)象,主要在管轄約束理論框架內(nèi),利用題元、主目、約束、控制等概念分析漢語空主語的分類、分布及所指問題。文中以定性分析為主,引用了大量的生成語法著作中的經(jīng)典例子和日常生活中的典型句子作為分析材料.。 與英語相同,漢語亦有限定句與非限定句之分,而且漢語空主語也可分為大代號(hào)PRO和小代號(hào)pro兩類。限定句中的動(dòng)詞允許時(shí)間副詞的出現(xiàn),非限定句則不可。PRO主要出現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞兼語結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)語結(jié)構(gòu)和動(dòng)詞主語結(jié)構(gòu)等非限定句的主語位置,不可詞匯化；pro出現(xiàn)在限定句的主語位置,可詞匯化。對(duì)同一個(gè)PRO漢語可以同時(shí)有主語控制、任意控制和隱性控制等多種解讀方式,不同的解讀方式建立在不同的語境因素之上。雖然漢語沒有豐富的形態(tài)系統(tǒng),很多學(xué)者認(rèn)為漢語仍是主語脫落語言,漢語的pro所指解讀更是依賴于具體的語境因素。
[Abstract]:The concept of empty category was put forward by Chomsky in the 1980 s. The phenomenon of empty language reflects the mental model related to human language, and its research is an important part of the study of principle parameter model. Empty subject is one of the four categories of empty language. It refers to the subject component which has semantic content without phonetic form. Generative grammar holds that the empty subject is mainly composed of large code name PRO and small code name pro. Large-code PRO is often located in the subject position of an unqualified sentence because it is the only one in the sentence that is not subject to jurisdiction. The theory of control is responsible for the problem of PRO, including subject control, partial control and arbitrary control. The small symbol pro mainly appears in the position of the subject of the qualified sentence, and its reference is determined by the consistency between the verb head and the subject. The language that allows pro to exist is called "pro-drop language", and the subject-exfoliative language generally has a rich morphological system. The theory of empty subject has aroused great concern in the field of linguistics. However, the relevant classical theories are mainly based on the study of Indo-European languages such as English and Italian, so many linguists have used their native languages to verify the empty subject theory. In view of this, this article also takes the Chinese empty subject as the research object, mainly in the jurisdiction constraint theory frame, uses the question element, the main object, the constraint, the control and so on the concept analysis Chinese empty subject classification, the distribution and the indication question. In this paper, a large number of classic examples in generative grammatical works and typical sentences in daily life are cited as analytical materials. As in English, there are also qualified and unqualified sentences in Chinese, and the empty subjects in Chinese can be divided into two categories: PRO with large code name and pro with small code name. The verb in the qualified sentence allows the appearance of the temporal adverb, but the unqualified sentence can not. PRO mainly appears in the verb adjunct structure, the verb complement structure and the verb subject structure, etc. The subject position of the unqualified sentence can not be lexicalized. Pro appears in the position of subject of a qualified sentence and can be lexicalized. For the same PRO Chinese, there are many kinds of interpretation methods, such as subject control, arbitrary control and implicit control, and different interpretation methods are based on different contextual factors. Although there is no abundant morphological system in Chinese, many scholars believe that Chinese is still the language of subject exfoliation, and the interpretation of Chinese pro refers to depends on specific contextual factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H146
本文編號(hào)：2377113
[Abstract]:The concept of empty category was put forward by Chomsky in the 1980 s. The phenomenon of empty language reflects the mental model related to human language, and its research is an important part of the study of principle parameter model. Empty subject is one of the four categories of empty language. It refers to the subject component which has semantic content without phonetic form. Generative grammar holds that the empty subject is mainly composed of large code name PRO and small code name pro. Large-code PRO is often located in the subject position of an unqualified sentence because it is the only one in the sentence that is not subject to jurisdiction. The theory of control is responsible for the problem of PRO, including subject control, partial control and arbitrary control. The small symbol pro mainly appears in the position of the subject of the qualified sentence, and its reference is determined by the consistency between the verb head and the subject. The language that allows pro to exist is called "pro-drop language", and the subject-exfoliative language generally has a rich morphological system. The theory of empty subject has aroused great concern in the field of linguistics. However, the relevant classical theories are mainly based on the study of Indo-European languages such as English and Italian, so many linguists have used their native languages to verify the empty subject theory. In view of this, this article also takes the Chinese empty subject as the research object, mainly in the jurisdiction constraint theory frame, uses the question element, the main object, the constraint, the control and so on the concept analysis Chinese empty subject classification, the distribution and the indication question. In this paper, a large number of classic examples in generative grammatical works and typical sentences in daily life are cited as analytical materials. As in English, there are also qualified and unqualified sentences in Chinese, and the empty subjects in Chinese can be divided into two categories: PRO with large code name and pro with small code name. The verb in the qualified sentence allows the appearance of the temporal adverb, but the unqualified sentence can not. PRO mainly appears in the verb adjunct structure, the verb complement structure and the verb subject structure, etc. The subject position of the unqualified sentence can not be lexicalized. Pro appears in the position of subject of a qualified sentence and can be lexicalized. For the same PRO Chinese, there are many kinds of interpretation methods, such as subject control, arbitrary control and implicit control, and different interpretation methods are based on different contextual factors. Although there is no abundant morphological system in Chinese, many scholars believe that Chinese is still the language of subject exfoliation, and the interpretation of Chinese pro refers to depends on specific contextual factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H146
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