【摘要】：漢日同形近義詞是中日兩國文字中字形、詞義相同或者相近的漢字詞匯。詞匯教學是漢語教學的基礎(chǔ),漢日同形近義詞的習得更是重中之重。漢日同形近義詞詞義越相近,對詞義把握干擾越大,越是難以分辨,這樣一來就越容易產(chǎn)生偏誤。本文整理歸納漢日同形近義詞的概念、字形對比結(jié)論,按漢日同形近義詞出現(xiàn)范圍羅列了關(guān)于文化、科學、風俗、宗教、文物方面的漢日同形近義詞。探究漢日同形近義詞字形、詞義、范圍方面的對比結(jié)果得出：漢日同形近義詞有以下三類：漢語比日語詞義范圍小,漢語比日語詞義范圍廣,詞義偏離。詞義偏離中偏離既不是范圍的擴大也不是范圍的縮小,而是詞義發(fā)生了變化,但二者在某種意義上有關(guān)聯(lián)。詞義的不同變化遵循以下的規(guī)律：借用時間先后的差異、是否保留古代漢語詞義、詞義隨借用過程中詞性變化而變化、詞義比喻和俗用轉(zhuǎn)用以及詞義被特化等。通過對漢日同形近義詞字形以及相比較于日語,漢語詞義范圍縮小、擴大、偏離的闡釋論述發(fā)現(xiàn),漢語教學中教授者要充分考慮母語的正遷移,肯定和重視詞匯教學中漢日同形近義詞對日本母語者的促進作用。建議教學者根據(jù)教學對象、學習者的漢語水平、詞匯量的掌握程度因材施教。
[Abstract]:Chinese and Japanese synonyms are Chinese characters with the same or similar meanings in Chinese and Japanese characters. Vocabulary teaching is the basis of Chinese teaching, and the acquisition of Chinese and Japanese homomorphic synonyms is the most important. The closer the meaning of Chinese and Japanese synonyms is, the greater the interference to the meaning of the synonyms is, and the more difficult it is to distinguish them. In this paper, the concept of synonyms in Chinese and Japanese isomorphism is summarized, and the synonyms about culture, science, custom, religion and cultural relic are listed according to the scope of appearance of synonyms in Chinese and Japanese. From the comparison of Chinese and Japanese synonyms such as glyph, meaning and scope, it is concluded that there are three kinds of synonyms: Chinese is smaller than Japanese, Chinese is wider than Japanese, and word meaning deviates. Deviation from the meaning of a word is neither the enlargement of the scope nor the narrowing of the scope, but the change of the meaning of the word, but the connection between the two in some sense. The different changes of word meaning follow the following rules: the difference of borrowing time and order, the retention of ancient Chinese word meaning, the change of word meaning with the change of part of speech in the process of borrowing, the conversion of word meaning metaphor and vulgarity, and the specialization of word meaning, etc. Based on the explanation of the conformal synonyms of Chinese and Japanese, and comparing with Japanese, the scope of word meaning in Chinese is narrowed, expanded and deviated, it is found that the positive transfer of mother tongue should be fully taken into account by the professors in Chinese teaching. To affirm and attach importance to the promotion of Chinese and Japanese homomorphic synonyms to Japanese native speakers in vocabulary teaching. It is suggested that the teacher should teach students according to their students' proficiency in Chinese and their vocabulary in accordance with their aptitude.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H195

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本文編號：2269017