發(fā)布時間：2018-10-10 16:51

【摘要】：被動句式是一種跨語言的現(xiàn)象（Siewierska1986）。在不同的語言中，被動句式呈現(xiàn)出句式上的豐富性。與相對應的主動句式比較，被動句式具有結構形式上的差別，如題元角色在句法安排上的不同、謂語中助動詞的有無和主動詞的形態(tài)變化等。通過在跨語言背景下觀察不同的被動句式的特點，并進行比較，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)被動句式中唯一具有普遍性的特征是論元下降和動詞標記。其它特征，，如附加的助動詞等，都不具有普遍性。而這一點對漢語被動句的認識及對“被”字句的分類有著重要的借鑒意義。本文認為漢語“被”字句中的“被”字具有兩種不同的詞性。在帶有施事的長被動句中，“被”字是介詞性的。從結構上來看，該介詞詞組是由原先主動句的外部論元成分通過句法操作下降為附加性的非論元成分；而在動詞的施事成分不出現(xiàn)的短被動句中，“被”字是副詞性的。作者認為，漢語中的短被動句其實是話題句式的一種。由于漢語是話題優(yōu)先型語言（徐烈炯和劉丹青1998），而被動句式和話題句式又存在結構上的相似性。因此就存在了重新分析的可能，這一機制促使了副詞性的“被”字的產生。
[Abstract]:Passive sentence is a cross-lingual phenomenon (Siewierska1986). In different languages, passive sentence patterns present the richness of sentence patterns. Compared with the corresponding active sentence patterns, the passive sentence patterns have structural differences, such as the differences in the syntactic arrangement of the role of the topic element, the existence of the auxiliary verb in the predicate and the morphological change of the active word, etc. By observing the characteristics of different passive sentence patterns in a cross-linguistic context and comparing them, it can be found that the only universal features of passive sentence patterns are argument descent and verb markers. Other features, such as additional auxiliary verbs, are not universal. The understanding of Chinese passive sentences and the classification of "Bei" sentences are of great significance. This paper holds that there are two different parts of speech in the Chinese word "Bei". In long passive sentences with agents, the word "be" is prepositional. From a structural point of view, the preposition phrase is reduced from the external argument component of the original active sentence to an additional non-argument component through syntactic manipulation, while in the short passive sentence where the agent component of the verb does not appear, the word "be" is adverbial. The author thinks that the short passive sentence in Chinese is actually a kind of topic sentence. Since Chinese is a topic-first language (Xu Lijiong and Liu Danqing 1998), there are structural similarities between passive sentence patterns and topic sentence patterns. Therefore, there is the possibility of reanalysis, which promotes the formation of adverb "be".
【學位授予單位】：上海外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

【共引文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

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本文編號：2262541