【摘要】：空間關(guān)系是人類(lèi)認(rèn)知客觀世界最基本的方式,語(yǔ)言中諸多范疇是在空間關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上建立和發(fā)展起來(lái)的。空間概念的表達(dá)可以反映出人類(lèi)對(duì)空間認(rèn)知的特征,因此空間介詞一直是認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的研究焦點(diǎn)之一。國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)空間介詞的研究表明,認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論為介詞多義現(xiàn)象提供了合理有力的解釋。在此背景下,介詞on的多義性研究相對(duì)較少,而on和“上”的認(rèn)知語(yǔ)義比較研究則更加有限,并且多局限于空間意義的對(duì)比分析。然而在二語(yǔ)習(xí)得過(guò)程中,中國(guó)學(xué)生由于受母語(yǔ)遷移影響出現(xiàn)介詞on的誤用現(xiàn)象很常見(jiàn),這與英漢兩種語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)義和認(rèn)知上的異同有很大關(guān)系,因此認(rèn)知語(yǔ)義比較研究十分有必要。立足于國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,結(jié)合二語(yǔ)習(xí)得中的實(shí)際問(wèn)題,本文從認(rèn)知視角探索了英語(yǔ)介詞on和漢語(yǔ)方位詞“上”的語(yǔ)義分布,在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)兩者做了比較。研究采用詞典語(yǔ)義分析與語(yǔ)料庫(kù)輔例相結(jié)合的方法,從詞源和詞類(lèi)入手,首先對(duì)on和“上”的原型意義和隱喻意義進(jìn)行分析,并利用意象圖式和概念隱喻對(duì)兩者的語(yǔ)義發(fā)展和分布進(jìn)行了描述和闡釋?zhuān)辉诖嘶A(chǔ)上,對(duì)比分析了兩者原型義和隱喻義的異同。研究結(jié)果表明on與“上”的語(yǔ)義分布都呈現(xiàn)出一定的系統(tǒng)性,兩者在原型意義上的差異決定了隱喻意義的差異：(1)在原型意義上,on和“上”都體現(xiàn)了接觸圖式和支持圖式,同時(shí)衍生出了一些相似的隱喻意義；(2)on所體現(xiàn)的空間關(guān)系比“上”更強(qiáng)調(diào)射體和界標(biāo)之間的接觸,因此映射出與壓力圖式相關(guān)的隱喻意義；相比于on,“上”的基本圖式中射體和界標(biāo)之間不一定存在的接觸,體現(xiàn)的空間范圍更寬廣,故在用法上可與in、on、over、above等介詞替換；(3)空間維度上,on的意象圖式側(cè)重水平維度的語(yǔ)義映射,而“上”的意象圖式側(cè)重垂直維度的語(yǔ)義映射。本文運(yùn)用意象圖式和隱喻理論對(duì)漢語(yǔ)“上”的語(yǔ)義進(jìn)行描述和闡釋,從某種程度上來(lái)說(shuō)是一種突破。研究方法上,對(duì)漢語(yǔ)詞源和字形的分析或?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)的認(rèn)知語(yǔ)義研究提供一種新的視角和途徑。對(duì)比研究發(fā)現(xiàn),英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在空間識(shí)解和參考系的選擇上存在一定差異,為一些常見(jiàn)的介詞on的誤用現(xiàn)象提供了有力的解釋,對(duì)第二語(yǔ)言詞匯教學(xué)有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Spatial relationship is the most basic way for human beings to recognize the objective world. Many categories in language are established and developed on the basis of spatial relations. The expression of spatial concepts can reflect the characteristics of human cognition of space, so spatial prepositions have always been one of the focuses of cognitive linguistics. Studies on spatial prepositions at home and abroad show that cognitive linguistics provides a reasonable and powerful explanation for polysemy of prepositions. In this context, the polysemy of preposition on is relatively few, while the comparative study of cognitive semantics between on and Shang is more limited, and most of them are confined to the contrastive analysis of spatial meaning. However, in the process of second language acquisition, it is very common for Chinese students to misuse prepositions on because of their mother tongue transfer, which is closely related to the semantic and cognitive similarities and differences between English and Chinese, so it is necessary to make a comparative study of cognitive semantics. Based on the current research situation at home and abroad and the practical problems in second language acquisition, this paper explores the semantic distribution of the English preposition on and the Chinese locative word "Shang" from a cognitive perspective, and then makes a comparison between the two. Using the method of lexical semantic analysis and corpus auxiliary examples, this paper analyzes the archetypal and metaphorical meanings of on and "Shang", starting with etymology and etymology. The semantic development and distribution of them are described and explained by image schemata and conceptual metaphors, and on this basis, the similarities and differences of their prototype meanings and metaphorical meanings are compared and analyzed. The results show that both the semantic distribution of on and "Shang" are systematic, and the differences between them in the archetypal sense determine the differences of metaphorical meanings: (1) in the archetypal sense, both "on" and "Shang" embody contact schemata and support schemata. At the same time, some similar metaphorical meanings are derived: (2) the spatial relationship embodied by on emphasizes the contact between the projector and the boundary marker more than the "upper", so it maps out the metaphorical meaning related to the stress schema; Compared with the contact between projectiles and boundary markers in the basic schemata of on, the scope of space is wider, so it can be replaced with prepositions such as in,on,over,above in usage. (3) in the spatial dimension, the image schema of "on" focuses on the semantic mapping of the horizontal dimension, while the image schema of "Shang" focuses on the semantic mapping of the vertical dimension. This paper uses image schema and metaphor theory to describe and explain the meaning of Chinese "Shang", which to some extent is a breakthrough. In terms of research methods, the analysis of Chinese etymology and morphology may provide a new perspective and approach for the study of Chinese cognitive semantics. The contrastive study shows that there are some differences between English and Chinese in the choice of spatial interpretation and reference system, which provide a powerful explanation for the misuse of some common prepositions "on" and can be used for reference in the teaching of second language vocabulary.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H136;H313

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本文編號(hào)：2221587