【摘要】：我們認(rèn)為，現(xiàn)代漢語里的被動句以是否有顯性標(biāo)記為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以分為兩類，一類是有顯性的被動標(biāo)記的被動句，以“被”字句為代表；另一類是受事出現(xiàn)在施事前，不以被動標(biāo)記“被”和其他準(zhǔn)被動標(biāo)記“讓”、“叫”、“給”為標(biāo)記的被動句，我們稱之為無標(biāo)志被動句。無標(biāo)志被動句的研究對于現(xiàn)代漢語被動范疇的研究和對外漢語教學(xué)都有一定幫助。 緒論部分主要介紹前人對無標(biāo)志被動句研究的成果和不足。除了無標(biāo)志被動句單獨一節(jié)的研究現(xiàn)狀之外，我們還搜集了無標(biāo)志被動句和其他句式相關(guān)的研究成果。一方面是因為現(xiàn)有成果較為分散，很多散見于和其他句式的對比研究中；另一方面可以呼應(yīng)下文的章節(jié)安排。緒論中還確立了本文的研究對象和方法。 第一章對無標(biāo)志被動句作全面分類和描寫。首先把無標(biāo)志被動句分為“NP受+VP”、“NP受+NP施+VP”兩類。第一節(jié)主要內(nèi)容是根據(jù)VP短語的構(gòu)成細(xì)化小類，分析NP和VP的語義特征；第二、三節(jié)除了描寫之外，還要分析施事的隱現(xiàn)、出現(xiàn)在不同位置的原因，以及施事和受事的相互制約。 第二章討論無標(biāo)志被動句和“被”字句的轉(zhuǎn)換。本章首先從手語應(yīng)用、兒童語言習(xí)得和漢語史三方面，，說明無標(biāo)志被動句的結(jié)構(gòu)形式符合被動范疇的表達(dá)要求，是漢語最原始最基本的被動句；再從語義分析入手，考察二者轉(zhuǎn)換的不對稱現(xiàn)象，區(qū)分它們在漢語被動句中的使用域，進(jìn)一步明確無標(biāo)志被動句的語法特征。 第三章討論了無標(biāo)志被動句的原型及其非典型范疇。本章首先從理想化認(rèn)知模型出發(fā)，得出把過程化的事件狀態(tài)化是無標(biāo)志被動句產(chǎn)生的重要原因。然后從范疇理論出發(fā)，討論了原型無標(biāo)志被動句和非典型的派生無標(biāo)志被動句問題。 第四章分析無標(biāo)志被動句的認(rèn)知動機(jī)。首先利用圖形和背景理論，闡述了無標(biāo)志被動句的使用動機(jī)是突顯受事。然后考察了突顯與話題和焦點是否矛盾，以及無標(biāo)志被動句是否屬于話題句的問題。 第五章總結(jié)本文的結(jié)論并對本文寫作過程中涉及到但未及深入討論的問題進(jìn)行整理并提出相關(guān)的設(shè)想和進(jìn)一步的研究方向。
[Abstract]:We think that passive sentences in modern Chinese can be divided into two categories according to whether there are explicit markers, one is passive sentences with explicit passive markers, represented by the word "be", and the other is that the patient appears before the execution of the sentence. We call passive sentences unmarked passive sentences, which are not marked by passive markers and other quasi-passive markers such as "surrender", "call" and "give". The study of unmarked passive sentence is helpful to the study of passive category of modern Chinese and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The introduction mainly introduces the achievements and shortcomings of previous researches on unmarked passive sentences. In addition to a single section of unmarked passive sentences, we also collect the research results of unmarked passive sentences and other sentence patterns. On the one hand, because the existing results are more scattered, many scattered in the comparative study with other sentence patterns; on the other hand, can echo the following chapter arrangement. The introduction also establishes the research object and method of this paper. The first chapter makes a comprehensive classification and description of unmarked passive sentences. First, unmarked passive sentences are divided into two categories: "NP receives VP" and "NP receives NP as VP". The first section analyzes the semantic characteristics of NP and VP according to the composition of VP phrases. And the mutual restriction between the agent and the patient. The second chapter discusses the transformation of unmarked passive sentence and Bei sentence. This chapter first shows that the structural form of unmarked passive sentence is the most primitive and basic passive sentence in Chinese from the aspects of sign language application, children's language acquisition and Chinese history, and then starts with semantic analysis, which shows that the structural form of unmarked passive sentence conforms to the expression requirement of passive category and is the most primitive and basic passive sentence in Chinese. This paper investigates the asymmetry of the transformation between them, distinguishes their domain of use in Chinese passive sentences, and further clarifies the grammatical features of unmarked passive sentences. Chapter three discusses the prototype of unmarked passive sentence and its atypical category. Based on the idealized cognitive model, this chapter concludes that the process of event state is an important reason for the emergence of unmarked passive sentences. Then, based on category theory, the problem of prototype unmarked passive sentence and atypical derived unmarked passive sentence is discussed. Chapter four analyzes the cognitive motivation of unmarked passive sentences. Firstly, using the theory of graph and background, the author explains that the motive of unmarked passive sentence is to highlight the patient. Then it examines whether salience contradicts the topic and the focus, and whether the unmarked passive sentence belongs to the topic sentence. The fifth chapter summarizes the conclusions of this paper and puts forward some ideas and further research directions for the problems involved in the process of writing but not discussed in depth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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