【摘要】：《尚書(shū)》是我國(guó)最早的政史文獻(xiàn)匯編。從漢代至今,歷代諸多學(xué)者對(duì)《尚書(shū)》做了大量的整理、考辨以及研究工作�！犊讉鳌纷鳛椤渡袝�(shū)》的注疏語(yǔ)料,一直是經(jīng)學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)。《孔傳》文本形成時(shí)代、作者等問(wèn)題,仍然存在爭(zhēng)議。這就需要我們采用新的理論和方法進(jìn)行深入研究,而語(yǔ)言學(xué)方法是一個(gè)很好的選擇。語(yǔ)言具有時(shí)空性,其表層結(jié)構(gòu)與深層結(jié)構(gòu)具有比較鮮明的差異性。語(yǔ)言具有社會(huì)性,任何文獻(xiàn)語(yǔ)言都可以體現(xiàn)出那個(gè)時(shí)代的語(yǔ)言規(guī)則和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。《孔傳》出現(xiàn)的時(shí)期是處于上古漢語(yǔ)向中古漢語(yǔ)發(fā)展的一個(gè)階段。在語(yǔ)言特征上,不但具有其本身語(yǔ)言的時(shí)代性特點(diǎn),也具有明顯的繼承性、過(guò)渡性等特點(diǎn)。本文通過(guò)計(jì)量的方法,考察《孔傳》所有虛詞,并進(jìn)行詳盡的描寫(xiě)以及系統(tǒng)的比較研究,客觀、全面地反映《孔傳》虛詞的實(shí)際概況,從而揭示漢語(yǔ)虛詞發(fā)展的規(guī)律與特點(diǎn)。同時(shí),為文獻(xiàn)學(xué)、訓(xùn)詁學(xué)、經(jīng)學(xué)和學(xué)術(shù)史的研究提供有價(jià)值的研究資料,也為曠日持久的《孔傳》辨?zhèn)翁峁┬碌姆椒ê托碌淖C據(jù)。論文在結(jié)構(gòu)上分為上、下編。上編為《尚書(shū)孔傳》副詞研究；下編為《尚書(shū)孔傳》代詞、連詞、介詞、語(yǔ)氣詞、助詞研究。凡7章。 第一章是《孔傳》副詞的分類及其特點(diǎn)。主要從副詞在句中的語(yǔ)法意義角度,將副詞分為判斷、時(shí)間、程度、狀態(tài)、疑問(wèn)、關(guān)聯(lián)、范圍、勸令、否定、推度等十類,逐一分析每個(gè)副詞特點(diǎn),揭示副詞的靜態(tài)語(yǔ)義的分布情況以及每個(gè)副詞在具體組合關(guān)系中呈現(xiàn)的動(dòng)態(tài)意義。 第二章是副詞的詞頻分析及其與古文《尚書(shū)》、清華簡(jiǎn)副詞的比較研究。第一節(jié)是《孔傳》副詞詞頻的統(tǒng)計(jì)總表及其分析,主要是對(duì)《孔傳》副詞的數(shù)量、類別和個(gè)體副詞頻率進(jìn)行考察,揭示其內(nèi)在規(guī)律與特點(diǎn)。第二節(jié)是《孔傳》副詞與古文《尚書(shū)》副詞的比較研究,主要從副詞的數(shù)量、頻率、語(yǔ)音形式、表義特征等方面揭示二者的差異性。第三節(jié)是《孔傳》副詞與清華簡(jiǎn)副詞的比較研究,主要從副詞的數(shù)量、頻率等方面分析兩者之間的聯(lián)系與不同之處。 第三章是《孔傳》代詞的功用及其特點(diǎn)。第一節(jié)是人稱代詞的用法及其特點(diǎn)。第二節(jié)是指示代詞的用法及其特點(diǎn)。第三節(jié)是疑問(wèn)代詞的用法及其特點(diǎn)。前三節(jié)主要是運(yùn)用定性與定量相結(jié)合的方法,逐一考察每個(gè)代詞的特點(diǎn),并解釋與分析代詞在實(shí)際語(yǔ)境中的意義和功能。第四節(jié)是代詞總表及其分析,主要是比較各類代詞和代詞內(nèi)部的詞頻,進(jìn)而揭示《孔傳》代詞詞頻存在明顯差異、語(yǔ)法功能呈現(xiàn)集中化等規(guī)律與特點(diǎn)。 第四章是《孔傳》連詞的類型、用法及其特點(diǎn)。第一節(jié)至第八節(jié)主要是從連詞的語(yǔ)法功能角度,將連詞分為順承、假設(shè)、遞進(jìn)、并列、選擇、讓步、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折等八類,并通過(guò)定量與定性相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)每一個(gè)連詞進(jìn)行描寫(xiě)歸納、解釋與分析。第九節(jié)是連詞總表及其分析,主要是考察每一類連詞的使用頻率以及分布情況,進(jìn)而揭示《孔傳》連詞的使用頻率存在不均衡,單音節(jié)連詞占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì),語(yǔ)法功能比較齊備,分工比較明確等規(guī)律與特征。 第五章是《孔傳》介詞的語(yǔ)法功能分析。第一節(jié)至第五節(jié)主要是從介詞在句子中的功能角度,將介詞分為五類：表與動(dòng)作行為有關(guān)的工具、條件、方法和依據(jù),表與動(dòng)作行為有關(guān)的對(duì)象,表與動(dòng)作行為有關(guān)的原因或目的,表與動(dòng)作行為有關(guān)的時(shí)間,表與動(dòng)作行為有關(guān)的處所或范圍,并作詳細(xì)的描寫(xiě)歸納、解釋與分析。第六節(jié)是介詞詞頻統(tǒng)計(jì)及其分析,主要是從介詞的使用頻率角度對(duì)《孔傳》介詞進(jìn)行考察與分析,揭示出不同類、不同個(gè)體介詞出現(xiàn)頻率特點(diǎn)。第七節(jié)是關(guān)于介詞“于”和“於”的討論,從歷時(shí)角度指出二者的出現(xiàn)與使用在不同時(shí)代存在明顯差異。 第六章是《孔傳》語(yǔ)氣詞的語(yǔ)用特征。第一節(jié)至第三節(jié)主要是根據(jù)語(yǔ)氣詞在句子中的語(yǔ)法意義,將語(yǔ)氣詞分為表陳述語(yǔ)氣、表疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣、表感嘆語(yǔ)氣等三類,進(jìn)而對(duì)每一個(gè)語(yǔ)氣詞進(jìn)行描寫(xiě)歸納、解釋與分析,揭示每個(gè)語(yǔ)氣詞在句中所具有的語(yǔ)法意義。第四節(jié)是語(yǔ)氣詞詞頻統(tǒng)計(jì)及其分析,主要是從頻率角度對(duì)《孔傳》語(yǔ)氣詞進(jìn)行考察、統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析,揭示其內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)頻率、形式與跨類情況等存在差異性。 第七章是《孔傳》助詞的類型及其語(yǔ)用特點(diǎn)。第一節(jié)至第三節(jié)主要是根據(jù)助詞的語(yǔ)法功能,把助詞分為結(jié)構(gòu)助詞、語(yǔ)助詞、語(yǔ)綴助詞等三類；并通過(guò)定量與定性相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)每一個(gè)助詞進(jìn)行描寫(xiě)歸納、解釋與分析。第四節(jié)是助詞詞頻統(tǒng)計(jì)及其分析,并對(duì)助詞“之”和“是”進(jìn)行討論,指出兩者的歷時(shí)變化特征。 研究表明,《孔傳》虛詞具有鮮明的語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)用特征,對(duì)于漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法史的研究具有重要參考價(jià)值。《孔傳》的有些虛詞材料可以為《孔傳》真?zhèn)蔚谋嫖鲆约俺蓵?shū)年代的研究提供新的證據(jù)。當(dāng)然,《孔傳》虛詞研究本身也可以為中國(guó)文獻(xiàn)學(xué)研究提供方法論參考。
[Abstract]:Shangshu is the earliest compilation of political and historical documents in China.Since the Han Dynasty, many scholars have done a lot of collation, textual research and Research on Shangshu.As an unfamiliar corpus of Shangshu, Confucian Biography has always been a hot topic in the study of Confucian classics.There are still controversies about the age of the formation of the text of Confucian Biography and the author.This requires us to adopt a new one. Linguistics is a good choice for further study of theories and methods. Language is spatio-temporal, and its surface structure and deep structure are quite different. Language is social, and any literature language can reflect the language rules and expression habits of that era. A stage in the development of Chinese into the Middle Ages. In terms of language features, it not only has its own characteristics of the times, but also has obvious characteristics of inheritance and transition. It also provides valuable research materials for the study of philology, exegetics, Confucian classics and academic history, and provides new methods and new evidence for distinguishing falsehood from falsehood. It is composed of "Shang Shu Kong Chuan", pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, modal particles and auxiliary words. The 7 chapter.
The first chapter is the classification and characteristics of the adverbs in Confucius Biography.From the angle of the grammatical meaning of the adverbs in the sentence, the adverbs are divided into ten categories: judgment, time, degree, state, interrogation, relevance, scope, persuasion, negation, inference, etc. The dynamic meaning presented in the Department.
The second chapter is the word frequency analysis of adverbs and the comparative study with the adverbs in Shangshu and Tsinghua bamboo slips.The first section is the statistical table and analysis of the frequency of adverbs in mainly inspects the quantity, category and frequency of individual adverbs in to reveal their inherent rules and characteristics.The second section is the adverbs in and the adverbs in ancient Chinese < Shangshu >. The third section is the comparative study of the adverbs of and the adverbs of Tsinghua bamboo slips, mainly from the number of adverbs, frequency, phonological form, the characteristics of meaning and other aspects to reveal the differences between the two.
The first section is the usage and characteristics of personal pronouns. The second section is the usage and characteristics of demonstrative pronouns. The third section is the usage and characteristics of interrogative pronouns. The fourth section is the general list of pronouns and its analysis, which mainly compares the frequency of pronouns and pronouns, and then reveals that there are obvious differences in the frequency of pronouns and the grammatical functions are centralized.
The fourth chapter is the types, usage and characteristics of the conjunctions in Confucius Biography.From the grammatical function of the conjunctions, the first to the eighth sections divide the conjunctions into eight categories: succession, hypothesis, progression, juxtaposition, choice, concession, cause and effect, turning point, etc. Syllable is the general list of conjunctions and its analysis, mainly examining the frequency and distribution of each type of conjunctions, and then revealing the uneven frequency of the use of conjunctions in Kongzhuan, monosyllabic conjunctions occupy the dominant position, grammatical functions are more complete, the division of labor is more clear and other laws and characteristics.
The fifth chapter is the analysis of the grammatical functions of the prepositions in Confucius Biography.From the perspective of the functions of the prepositions in the sentences, the first to the fifth sections divide the prepositions into five categories: the tools, conditions, methods and bases related to the action, the objects related to the action, the reasons or purposes related to the action, and the actions related to the action. The sixth section is about the statistics and analysis of preposition frequency, mainly from the perspective of the frequency of the use of prepositions, "Kong Chuan" prepositions were investigated and analyzed, revealing the frequency characteristics of different types and individual prepositions. The seventh section is about prepositions. In the discussion of Yu and Yu, it is pointed out from a diachronic point of view that there are obvious differences in their appearance and use in different times.
Chapter 6 is the pragmatic features of modal words in Confucius Biography.The first to third sections mainly divide modal words into three categories: declarative mood, interrogative mood and exclamatory mood according to the grammatical meaning of modal words in sentences. The fourth section is the statistics and analysis of the frequency of modal words, mainly from the perspective of frequency to investigate the modal words of , statistics and analysis, revealing the internal frequency, form and cross-category differences.
The seventh chapter is about the types and pragmatic features of auxiliaries in Confucius Biography.The first to third sections mainly divide the auxiliaries into three categories according to their grammatical functions: structural auxiliaries, linguistic auxiliaries and affix auxiliaries.By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, each auxiliaries is described, summarized, explained and analyzed.The fourth section is the frequency of auxiliaries. Taking into account the analysis, the auxiliary words "zhi" and "shi" are discussed, and the diachronic characteristics of the two are pointed out.
The research shows that the function words in Confucius Biography have distinct grammatical and pragmatic characteristics, which are of great reference value to the study of Chinese grammatical history. Provide methodological reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H141

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

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