【摘要】：語言是文化的一部分,文化教學對于語言教學是非常有必要的。同樣,對外漢語教學也離不開文化教學。張占一從功能的角度將對外漢語中文化因素分為知識文化與交際文化。知識文化是指在兩種文化背景中的人交際時不會影響信息傳遞的一種文化,交際文化則是指兩種文化背景的人交流時影響信息傳遞的一種文化,包含語言交際文化和非語言交際文化。語言交際文化又包含兩項,即語義文化和語用文化。本文以以語言為綱的對外漢語教材和專門的文化教材的語料為依托,調查了知識文化與交際文化在呈現(xiàn)在教材中的具體文化項目和導入方式。在此基礎上闡釋了文化教學的教學原則,針對知識文化和交際文化不同的特點做了不同方法教學方法的應用和示例。主要如下:知識文化使用的課堂內的教學方法包括講授法、討論法、演示法等方法。適用的課堂外的教學方法包括實踐法等方法。語用文化適用的課堂內的教學方法包括情境交際法、文化異同比較法等方法。適用的課堂外的教學方法包括發(fā)現(xiàn)法、表演法等方法。語義文化詞匯與一般詞匯教學的不同,本文同樣探討了語義文化詞匯在教學中的注意事項,包含英文注釋與實際意義不等的現(xiàn)象、按照《漢語水平詞匯與等級大綱》給生詞表中的文化詞匯進行等級分類以及特殊結構詞語的教學注意事項等方面的內容。因此,本文對于了解知識文化與交際文化在對外漢語教學中的導入情況以及采用如何種原則和何種教學方法教授知識文化與交際文化有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Language is a part of culture, culture teaching is very necessary for language teaching. Similarly, teaching Chinese as a foreign language can not be separated from cultural teaching. Zhang Zhanyi divides cultural factors into knowledge culture and communicative culture from the perspective of function. Knowledge culture is a kind of culture in which people in two cultural backgrounds do not affect the transmission of information in communication, and communication culture refers to a culture that affects information transmission when people from two cultural backgrounds communicate. It includes language communication culture and non-verbal communication culture. Language communication culture includes two aspects: semantic culture and pragmatic culture. Based on the corpus of Chinese as a second language teaching material and special cultural teaching material, this paper investigates the specific cultural items and ways of introducing knowledge culture and communicative culture in the teaching material. On this basis, the teaching principles of culture teaching are explained, and the application and examples of different teaching methods are made according to the different characteristics of knowledge culture and communicative culture. The main contents are as follows: the teaching methods used in knowledge culture include teaching method, discussion method, demonstration method and so on. The applicable teaching methods outside the classroom include the practical method and so on. The teaching methods of pragmatic culture include situational communication, cultural differences and similarities. Applicable outside classroom teaching methods include discovery method, performance method and so on. This paper also discusses the matters needing attention in the teaching of semantic cultural vocabulary, including the phenomenon of English annotation and actual meaning. According to the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Grade, the cultural vocabulary in the list of new words is classified into different levels, and the matters needing attention in the teaching of words with special structure are also discussed. Therefore, this paper has some reference significance for understanding the introduction of knowledge culture and communicative culture in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and how to teach knowledge culture and communication culture according to the principles and teaching methods.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H195

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