【摘要】：語(yǔ)言是人們溝通方式中最高效的。為了達(dá)到實(shí)際溝通目的，語(yǔ)言輸出者的表述應(yīng)該清晰明確，合乎情理并且易于理解。語(yǔ)言接受者應(yīng)該對(duì)于該表述精確掌握，換言之就是說(shuō)應(yīng)該理解表述的意義。在語(yǔ)言學(xué)上，語(yǔ)義學(xué)就是對(duì)于語(yǔ)言意義的科學(xué)定義。從語(yǔ)義學(xué)誕生之日起，至今已經(jīng)有超過(guò)一百年的歷史了。二十世紀(jì)七十年代，語(yǔ)義學(xué)從語(yǔ)法研究的邊緣領(lǐng)域變成了核心，也為以后的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。在最開(kāi)始的發(fā)展過(guò)程中，語(yǔ)言學(xué)家把語(yǔ)義學(xué)置于生成語(yǔ)法框架內(nèi)進(jìn)行研究，結(jié)果語(yǔ)義學(xué)被認(rèn)為是缺乏規(guī)則性和合理性的學(xué)科，當(dāng)然也沒(méi)有在這一領(lǐng)域得到充分發(fā)展。 二十世紀(jì)七十年代，理查德蒙太古經(jīng)研究得出了一個(gè)基本理論，即“如何應(yīng)用形式邏輯學(xué)來(lái)描述被改變的自然語(yǔ)言”。邏輯學(xué)家和語(yǔ)言學(xué)家們通過(guò)這一理論認(rèn)識(shí)到了語(yǔ)義學(xué)在兩大學(xué)科之間的聯(lián)系。這一理論被定義為蒙太古語(yǔ)法，他也被稱為邏輯語(yǔ)義學(xué)或形式語(yǔ)義學(xué)。這一理論回答了什么是句子真值以及其他的語(yǔ)義學(xué)中的核心問(wèn)題。但是，由于受到喬姆斯基句法學(xué)的影響，蒙太古語(yǔ)法把有限制性的句子作為研究目標(biāo)，因此經(jīng)典的邏輯語(yǔ)義學(xué)是一種靜態(tài)的語(yǔ)義學(xué)，它把有限制性的句子作為最大的研究單位。 二十世紀(jì)八十年代，隨著坎普和海姆以及其他語(yǔ)言學(xué)家在語(yǔ)義學(xué)領(lǐng)域的突破，語(yǔ)義學(xué)的整體研究形式發(fā)生了改變，人們的意識(shí)也隨之進(jìn)行了改變。沒(méi)有動(dòng)態(tài)的觀念加入，回指結(jié)構(gòu)的普遍使用仍然不能得到完美的解釋。僅僅依靠可能世界的觀念，，對(duì)于意義的理解是不徹底的。在動(dòng)態(tài)語(yǔ)義學(xué)的范圍內(nèi)，意義被以“信息交替”的形式反映出來(lái)，是從一種信息形態(tài)到另一種信息形態(tài)的函數(shù)。動(dòng)態(tài)的觀點(diǎn)可以是被看作是一種新的研究方法的描述，這種方法對(duì)于語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象的解釋不但是先前所運(yùn)用方法的一種繼承，而且這種方法更加適用于像驢子句一樣的回指結(jié)構(gòu)。 結(jié)合對(duì)以上理論的理解，本文以回指結(jié)構(gòu)的經(jīng)典形式驢子句為切入點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用對(duì)比研究的手法分析了語(yǔ)義學(xué)的動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。本論文由五個(gè)章節(jié)組成。第一章引言部分對(duì)本文的寫(xiě)作目的和寫(xiě)作意義進(jìn)行了介紹。第二章文獻(xiàn)綜述部分在分析國(guó)內(nèi)外理論研究的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了本論文的中心主題。在第三章中我針對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)語(yǔ)義學(xué)和傳統(tǒng)的形式語(yǔ)義學(xué)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究，動(dòng)態(tài)語(yǔ)義學(xué)的每個(gè)理論都從不同的角度有著自身對(duì)傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)義學(xué)補(bǔ)充、發(fā)展和突破。例如，話語(yǔ)分析理論以話語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)對(duì)句子進(jìn)行了一步一步的分析；情景語(yǔ)義學(xué)也突破了可能世界的限制，提出了語(yǔ)境的概念。在第四章中，我以每個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)語(yǔ)義學(xué)都不能回避的回指結(jié)構(gòu)的代表驢子句為基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)比分析了話語(yǔ)分析理論和情境語(yǔ)意學(xué)，指出了它們的相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)。最后在第五章中，我給出了結(jié)論。盡管動(dòng)態(tài)語(yǔ)義學(xué)擴(kuò)展了形式語(yǔ)意學(xué)的范圍，但他仍然堅(jiān)持原有的經(jīng)典描述方法。所以，我的結(jié)論是動(dòng)態(tài)語(yǔ)義學(xué)是形式語(yǔ)義學(xué)的繼續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Language is the most efficient way of communication. In order to achieve practical communication, the expression of the language exporter should be clear, reasonable and easy to understand. The language receiver should grasp the expression accurately, in other words, it should understand the meaning of the expression. In the language, semantics is the section of the language meaning. Since the birth of semantics, it has been more than one hundred years since the birth of semantics. In 1970s, semantics became the core of the marginal field of grammatical research and laid the foundation for future development. In the beginning of the development, linguists put semantics into the framework of generative grammar to study the results. Semantics is considered to be a discipline lacking regularity and rationality, and of course, it has not been fully developed in this field.
In 1970s, Richard Montague studied a basic theory, "how to use formal logic to describe the changed natural language". Logics and linguists recognized the relationship between semantics and the two universities. This theory is defined as Montague Grammar, and he is also known. It is called logical semantics or formal semantics. This theory answers what is the true value of sentence and the core problem in other semantics. However, due to the influence of Chomsky's sentence law, Montague Grammar takes restrictive sentences as the research goal, so the classical logic semantics is a static semantics. Restrictive sentences are the largest research units.
In 1980s, with the breakthroughs of Camp and Heim and other linguists in the field of semantics, the overall form of semantics changed and the consciousness of the people changed. Without the dynamic idea, the general use of the anaphora structure still could not be explained perfectly. Only the possible world was dependent on the possible world. The concept of meaning is not completely understood. Within the scope of dynamic semantics, meaning is reflected in the form of "information alternation". It is a function from one form of information to another. The dynamic view can be regarded as a description of a new method of research, which is interpreted in the interpretation of language phenomena. It is not only a succession of the methods previously used, but also more suitable for anaphoric structures like donkey sentences.
Based on the understanding of the above theory, this paper analyzes the dynamic trend of semantics with the use of contrastive research in the classical donkey sentence of anaphora structure. The thesis is composed of five chapters. The first chapter introduces the purpose and significance of this paper. The second chapter is an analysis of the literature review. On the basis of theoretical research at home and abroad, the central theme of this paper is put forward. In the third chapter, I contrastive study of dynamic semantics and traditional formal semantics. Every theory of dynamic semantics has its own complement, development and breakthrough in traditional semantics from different angles. For example, discourse analysis theory takes discourse as a theory. In the fourth chapter, in the fourth chapter, I compare and analyze the theory of discourse analysis and situational semantics, and point out their similarities. Finally, in the fifth chapter, I give a conclusion. Although dynamic semantics extends the scope of formal semantics, he still persists in the original method of description. Therefore, my conclusion is that dynamic semantics is the continuous development of formal semantics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H030

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本文編號(hào)：2158056