本文選題：“打” + 義項(xiàng)　； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中有很多意義復(fù)雜的單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,如“搞”“打”等。其中,“打”字被普遍認(rèn)為是義項(xiàng)泛化最多、用法最靈活的動(dòng)詞之一。本文淺析動(dòng)詞“打”的語(yǔ)義演變,分析其常用義、基本義等。對(duì)“打”字的意義根據(jù)其屬性、用法等進(jìn)行歸納,并總結(jié)了動(dòng)詞“打”的歷時(shí)研究,包括了從東漢王延壽《夢(mèng)賦》以來(lái)各代語(yǔ)言學(xué)家對(duì)于“打”字的主要研究結(jié)果。概括介紹了“打”字語(yǔ)義泛化現(xiàn)象及其原因。根據(jù)對(duì)于“打”字本身的語(yǔ)義及用法研究,分析對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)中第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)“打”字時(shí)常見(jiàn)的偏誤、偏誤的不同類(lèi)型及產(chǎn)生原因。再根據(jù)第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者容易產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤的語(yǔ)境及原因提出“打”字的教學(xué)方法。 本文主要分三大章節(jié)。第一章為緒論部分,該部分討論了論文的選題價(jià)值和意義。現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“打”字是現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞中意義最多且語(yǔ)義泛化最嚴(yán)重的動(dòng)詞之一。在漢語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言教學(xué)課堂上,“打”是教學(xué)的難點(diǎn)所在。因此,需要對(duì)“打”字的詞義進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的梳理和歸納、理清脈絡(luò),這將成為教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。其次,論文綜述了自東漢以來(lái)各代學(xué)者對(duì)于“打”字的研究成果。從東漢王延壽《夢(mèng)賦》,到宋代歐陽(yáng)修《歸田錄》對(duì)“打”的描述再到近代著名學(xué)者劉半農(nóng)先生的《打雅》等等,總結(jié)提取前輩們的研究和理論成果。再次,對(duì)論文的研究方法、結(jié)構(gòu)框架做了概括介紹。最后,提出了該論文所需解決的問(wèn)題,這正是該論文的創(chuàng)新之處。文章在總結(jié)“打”字義項(xiàng)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合漢語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者的實(shí)際習(xí)得情況,對(duì)漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)提出建議。 第二章為“打”字的語(yǔ)義分析部分,分為三點(diǎn)。第一點(diǎn)對(duì)“打”字詞義的歷時(shí)演變進(jìn)行了大致的梳理。時(shí)間脈絡(luò)主要根據(jù)“打”字變化較大的幾個(gè)時(shí)代為主,分別是東漢、六朝時(shí)期、唐及宋元明清。列舉了在各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期,“打”字主要的意義演變。第二點(diǎn)為動(dòng)詞“打”的語(yǔ)義整理,主要對(duì)“打”的各義項(xiàng)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分類(lèi),同時(shí)分析其動(dòng)賓搭配。對(duì)“打”字的義項(xiàng)整理主要參考和根據(jù)《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》、《新華字典》、《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)八百詞》、《漢語(yǔ)大字典》等相關(guān)辭書(shū)和字典。列舉了《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》中對(duì)“打”的義項(xiàng)整理,基本義項(xiàng)24個(gè),并列出了常用搭配。另外參考《漢語(yǔ)大字典》、《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)八百詞》等對(duì)基本義項(xiàng)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充歸納,同時(shí)也參考了語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的常用搭配。第三點(diǎn)在此基礎(chǔ)上分析“打”的語(yǔ)義演變和泛化的原因�！按颉弊值恼Z(yǔ)義雖然繁多但仍然有章可循。其語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜但有章。 第三章在第二章對(duì)“打”字研究的基礎(chǔ)之上,結(jié)合測(cè)試問(wèn)卷的結(jié)果分析漢語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)使用“打”字時(shí)最常出現(xiàn)的偏誤并分析原因、歸納類(lèi)型。為了補(bǔ)充筆者材料的不足和系統(tǒng)地了解第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)使用“打”字上出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題和偏誤。在本文寫(xiě)作之前,筆者根據(jù)《漢語(yǔ)教程》、《發(fā)展?jié)h語(yǔ)》等對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)通用教材做了針對(duì)“打”字的測(cè)試問(wèn)卷。該測(cè)試卷的測(cè)試對(duì)象主要為漢語(yǔ)初級(jí)、中級(jí)班來(lái)華學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的外國(guó)留學(xué)生,問(wèn)卷的試題主要包括跟“打”字相關(guān)的選擇、場(chǎng)景詞匯選擇、判斷等三類(lèi)題型和后續(xù)的做題心得和建議。本章節(jié)第一點(diǎn)即簡(jiǎn)單介紹了問(wèn)卷的測(cè)試目的、問(wèn)題設(shè)置、測(cè)試結(jié)果等內(nèi)容。并根據(jù)對(duì)被測(cè)試者的后續(xù)采訪對(duì)問(wèn)卷的內(nèi)容和結(jié)果做了部分調(diào)整,最后對(duì)測(cè)試結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析。第二點(diǎn)在問(wèn)卷的結(jié)果分析基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合自身教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)提出漢語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者在“打”字學(xué)習(xí)使用中最常出現(xiàn)的偏誤,對(duì)最常見(jiàn)的偏誤類(lèi)型進(jìn)行總結(jié)和原因分析,特別是第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者在測(cè)試卷中出現(xiàn)的偏誤。第三點(diǎn),在偏誤分析的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)“打”字的教學(xué)方法提出一些建議。“打”字是現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)率和利用率都很高的動(dòng)詞,第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者如能準(zhǔn)確掌握“打”字的用法,可以說(shuō)出和利用很多地道的中文表達(dá)。雖然“打”字僅僅是一個(gè)單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,但如果學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)其的準(zhǔn)確使用,“打”字產(chǎn)生的詞組可以涵蓋很多語(yǔ)言領(lǐng)域。因此,本文在對(duì)“打”字本身的義項(xiàng)及發(fā)展的研究基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合第二語(yǔ)言習(xí)得者的偏誤分析,提出相應(yīng)的教學(xué)建議,希望可以幫助更多漢語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言習(xí)得者“打”字的學(xué)習(xí)。 本文的主要意義和作用在于分析“打”字的義項(xiàng)和發(fā)展,提出對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)課堂上的教學(xué)方法。幫助第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)習(xí)使用動(dòng)詞“打”,使更多漢語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者可以使用地道準(zhǔn)確的漢語(yǔ)。
[Abstract]:There are many complicated monosyllabic verbs in modern Chinese, such as "making" and "playing". Among them, the word "beating" is generally regarded as one of the most flexible verbs and the most flexible verbs. This article analyses the semantic evolution of the verb "beating", analyzes its common meaning, basic meaning, etc.. It summarizes and summarizes the diachronic study of the verb "playing", including the main results of the study of "beating" from the various generations of linguists since the Eastern Han Dynasty Wang Yanshou < Meng Fu >. It summarizes the phenomenon and the reasons of the semantic generalization of the "beat" word. According to the study of the meaning and usage of the "beat" word itself, the second language in teaching Chinese as a foreign language is analyzed. It is said that the common errors of "beating", the different types of errors and the causes of the errors are made by the learners, and then the teaching methods of "beating" are put forward according to the errors of the second language learners.
The first chapter is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is the introduction part. This part discusses the value and significance of the topic. The modern Chinese verb "hit" is one of the most significant verbs in the modern Chinese Monosyllabic Verbs and the most serious semantic generalization. In the Chinese language as the second language teaching class, "playing" is the difficulty of the teaching. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically comb and sum up the meaning of the word "beat" and clarify the chores, which will be the basis of the teaching. Secondly, the paper summarizes the research achievements of the scholars of each generation since the Eastern Han Dynasty. From the East Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, Ou Yangxiu's description of "playing" to the famous scholar Liu Bannong in the modern times. This paper summarizes the research and theoretical achievements of the predecessors. Again, the paper gives a brief introduction to the research methods and structural framework of the paper. Finally, it puts forward the problems to be solved in this paper, which is the innovation of the paper. The article is based on the summary of the word meaning of "playing", and combines Chinese as a second language learner. The actual acquisition of Chinese teaching is proposed.
The second chapter is the semantic analysis part of the "beat" word, which is divided into three points. The first point is to sort out the diachronic evolution of the word meaning of "beat". The temporal vein is mainly based on the times of "beating", which are mainly the Eastern Han, the six dynasties, the Tang, the Song Yuan and the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The second point is the semantic arrangement of the verb "beating". It mainly summarizes and classifies the various items of the "beat", and analyzes its verb and object collocation at the same time. It is the main reference to the meaning arrangement of the "beat" word and according to the modern Chinese dictionary, the Xinhua Dictionary, the modern Chinese eight hundred words, the Chinese big dictionary and other related dictionaries and dictionaries. In the modern Chinese dictionary, the meaning of "playing" is arranged and the basic meanings are 24, and the common collocations are listed. In addition, the basic meaning is supplemented with the reference to the Chinese dictionary, the modern Chinese eight hundred words and so on. At the same time, it also refers to the common collocation of the corpus. On this basis, the semantic evolution and generalization of the "beat" are analyzed on this basis. The reason is that although the meaning of the word "Da" is various, it still has its rules to follow. Its semantic structure is complex but has chapters.
The third chapter, on the basis of the second chapter, analyzes the most common errors of Chinese as a second language learner in learning and using the word "beating" on the basis of the results of the study of "beating", and analyzes the reasons and types. In order to supplement the deficiencies of the author's materials and systematically understand the learning and use of the second language learners in the use of "play". Before this article, the author made a test questionnaire aimed at "beating" in general teaching materials such as "Chinese course", "developing Chinese" and other Chinese teaching materials. The test volume of the test volume is mainly Chinese junior, intermediate class to Chinese foreign students to study Chinese. The first point of this chapter is to introduce the purpose of the test, the problem setting, the result of the test and so on. In this chapter, the contents and results of the questionnaire are partly adjusted according to the follow-up interview of the subjects. Finally, the test results are made. On the basis of the analysis of the results of the questionnaire, on the basis of the analysis of the results of the questionnaire, combined with his own teaching experience, we put forward the most frequent errors in the use of Chinese as a second language learner in the learning and use of "beating", and the most common types of errors are summarized and analyzed, especially the errors of the second linguistic learners in the test volume. Third points are in the second language. On the basis of error analysis, some suggestions are made on the teaching method of "beating". "Beating" is a verb with high rate and high utilization in modern Chinese. If second language learners can accurately grasp the usage of "beat" words, they can say and use many authentic Chinese tables. Although the word "beat" is only a monosyllabic movement But if you learn to use it accurately, the phrase "hit" can cover a lot of language fields. Therefore, on the basis of the study of the meaning and development of the "beat" word itself and the error analysis of the second language learners, this paper puts forward the corresponding teaching suggestions, hoping to help more Chinese as a second language acquisition. The learning of the word "beat".
The main significance and function of this article is to analyze the meaning and development of the "beat" word, and put forward the teaching methods in the classroom of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Help second language learners learn to use the verb "beat", so that more Chinese as the second language learners can use the authentic Chinese language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H195.3

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