本文選題：敦煌變文 + “了”��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：敦煌變文是研究唐五代時(shí)期漢語(yǔ)的重要史料,口語(yǔ)性強(qiáng)且時(shí)代確定,基本能準(zhǔn)確反映當(dāng)時(shí)漢語(yǔ)的情況。而唐五代時(shí)期上承魏晉,下接宋元,處于古代漢語(yǔ)向近代漢語(yǔ)的過(guò)渡階段,也是近代漢語(yǔ)助詞系統(tǒng)的初步形成時(shí)期。本文選取現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)助詞系統(tǒng)中使用較多的動(dòng)態(tài)助詞“了”,全面考察“了”在《敦煌變文集》中的使用情況,以反映動(dòng)態(tài)助詞“了”在唐五代初步形成階段的語(yǔ)法表現(xiàn)。對(duì)“了”在《敦煌變文集》中的語(yǔ)法化研究主要體現(xiàn)在以下四個(gè)方面： 第一章是緒論,我們先對(duì)《敦煌變文集》的研究現(xiàn)狀以及本文的研究方法進(jìn)行了綜述,然后對(duì)本文將要運(yùn)用到的語(yǔ)法化動(dòng)因和機(jī)制的相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的介紹。 第二章是文章的主體部分,對(duì)“了”在《敦煌變文集》中的分布情況展開(kāi)了描寫(xiě)和分析。首先對(duì)“了”在文中出現(xiàn)的句式進(jìn)行分類和描寫(xiě),發(fā)現(xiàn)“了”主要出現(xiàn)在“動(dòng)+(賓)+副+了”和“動(dòng)+了”兩種句式中,并且“了”的語(yǔ)法功能和意義會(huì)因不同句式和不同動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)而不同。其次,對(duì)“了”從“謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”、“補(bǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”和“動(dòng)態(tài)助詞”三個(gè)層次進(jìn)行語(yǔ)法化等級(jí)的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)“了”在書(shū)中呈現(xiàn)出的共時(shí)語(yǔ)法化等級(jí)已經(jīng)基本反映了“了”的歷時(shí)語(yǔ)法化過(guò)程。最后,在上兩節(jié)基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)“了”的語(yǔ)法化過(guò)程進(jìn)行了推導(dǎo)。 第三章將“了”與書(shū)中的其他動(dòng)態(tài)助詞如“卻”、“將”、“著”、“得”進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)他們之間的共同處在于語(yǔ)法意義和功能在此時(shí)期都不確定,都反映了此時(shí)期助詞系統(tǒng)形成過(guò)程中的動(dòng)蕩特征：“了”不同于其他動(dòng)態(tài)助詞之處在于“了”所處的句法格式和表達(dá)的語(yǔ)法功能都不如其他動(dòng)態(tài)助詞豐富,可見(jiàn)此時(shí)期“了”的語(yǔ)法化程度是低于其他動(dòng)態(tài)助詞的。 第四章運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法化的相關(guān)理論對(duì)“了”語(yǔ)法化等級(jí)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)因和機(jī)制進(jìn)行了分析,得出“了”語(yǔ)法化等級(jí)的動(dòng)因體現(xiàn)在句法位置、語(yǔ)義變化和語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)用三個(gè)方面,“了”主要的語(yǔ)法化機(jī)制為詞義、語(yǔ)音的弱化和類推擴(kuò)展兩個(gè)機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:Dunhuang Bianwen is an important historical material for studying Chinese in the Tang and five dynasties. The oral language is strong and the time is determined, which can reflect the situation of Chinese at that time accurately. The period of Tang and five dynasties inherited the Wei and Jin dynasties, followed by Song and Yuan dynasties, and was in the transition stage from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese, which was also the initial forming period of modern Chinese auxiliary word system. This paper selects the dynamic auxiliary words used more frequently in the modern Chinese auxiliary word system, and makes a comprehensive investigation of the use of the dynamic auxiliary words in the Collection of Dunhuang Variations, in order to reflect the grammatical expression of the dynamic auxiliary words in the initial formation stage of the Tang and the five dynasties. The grammaticalization research in Dunhuang revised works is mainly reflected in the following four aspects: the first chapter is the introduction. First, we summarize the present research situation and the research methods of Dunhuang Variations. Then, this paper briefly introduces the relevant theories of grammaticalization motivation and mechanism. The second chapter is the main part of the article. First of all, the author classifies and describes the sentence patterns appearing in the text, and finds that "has" mainly appeared in the two kinds of sentence patterns: "verb (object) secondary" and "move". Moreover, the grammatical function and meaning of "Shi" will vary according to different sentence patterns and the nature of different verbs. Secondly, the grammaticalization levels of "predicate verb", "complement verb" and "dynamic auxiliary" are analyzed. It is found that the synchronic grammaticalization level presented in the book basically reflects the diachronic grammaticalization process. Finally, on the basis of the above two sections, the grammaticalization process is deduced. In chapter 3, the author contrasts the "Shi" with other dynamic auxiliary words such as "Shi", "will", "Zai" and "de" in the book, and finds that the common point between them is that the grammatical meaning and function are uncertain in this period. They all reflect the turbulent characteristics in the forming process of auxiliary word system in this period. The difference between "Yi" and other dynamic auxiliary words is that the syntactic format and the grammatical function of expression are not as rich as those of other dynamic auxiliary words. It can be seen that the grammaticalization of this period is lower than that of other dynamic auxiliary words. Chapter four analyzes the motivation and mechanism of the grammaticalization by using the relevant theories of grammaticalization, and concludes that the motivation of the grammaticalization is embodied in three aspects: syntactic position, semantic change and contextual pragmatics. The main grammaticalization mechanisms are word meaning, phonetic weakening and analogy expansion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：I206.2;H141

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