本文選題：漢語(yǔ)死亡委婉語(yǔ) + 隱喻��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：委婉語(yǔ)作為語(yǔ)言學(xué)中的一個(gè)普遍話題引起了眾中外多學(xué)者的關(guān)注,前人對(duì)此的研究已取得較大的成果。本文從認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)視角切入,并著眼于委婉語(yǔ)中的一個(gè)特殊類別——漢語(yǔ)死亡委婉語(yǔ)進(jìn)行分析。作為一種自然的生理現(xiàn)象,死亡具有不可避免性,沒(méi)有人能夠達(dá)到永生。死亡的不可逆轉(zhuǎn)性使其成為人生令人最為痛苦的現(xiàn)實(shí)。死亡意味人或動(dòng)物生命永遠(yuǎn)的終止,在東西方文化中都是人們禁忌語(yǔ)。正因如此,各種間接的、回避的、模糊的委婉語(yǔ)被廣泛應(yīng)用以代替“死亡”一詞。中國(guó)文化的豐富性與多樣性決定了漢語(yǔ)中死亡委婉語(yǔ)的豐富性。漢語(yǔ)死亡委婉語(yǔ)由于其深刻的文化內(nèi)涵而顯得更為復(fù)雜,可以揭示死者的宗教信仰,社會(huì)地位,身份和死者的特點(diǎn)并表現(xiàn)出說(shuō)話者與死者的關(guān)系。盡管如此,漢語(yǔ)死亡委婉語(yǔ)的研究還是相對(duì)缺乏,并有待進(jìn)一步的深入研究。因此,本文以認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的轉(zhuǎn)喻和隱喻為理論框架,探討漢語(yǔ)死亡委婉語(yǔ)的生成機(jī)制及本質(zhì),以期為相關(guān)研究提供補(bǔ)充和借鑒。 根據(jù)本文的研究分析,主要得出以下結(jié)論： 轉(zhuǎn)喻模型及隱喻模型為委婉語(yǔ)的生成提供了認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)。 轉(zhuǎn)喻認(rèn)知模型的基礎(chǔ)是事物之間的鄰近性,通過(guò)兩個(gè)事物間的鄰近性或關(guān)聯(lián)性建立事物之間的替代關(guān)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)同一概念域內(nèi)的映射過(guò)程。由于事物間的鄰近性較為客觀,會(huì)對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)喻形成一定限制,因此在漢語(yǔ)死亡委婉語(yǔ)中轉(zhuǎn)喻所占比例較小。從轉(zhuǎn)喻角度來(lái)看,漢語(yǔ)死亡委婉語(yǔ)主要包括兩類：一為整體與部分轉(zhuǎn)喻關(guān)系構(gòu)成,二為部分與部分轉(zhuǎn)喻關(guān)系構(gòu)成。用“呼吸停止”或“心臟停止跳動(dòng)”等死者的生理特征及變化來(lái)代替死亡相關(guān)詞匯即為通過(guò)部分代替整體轉(zhuǎn)喻機(jī)制形成委婉語(yǔ)的典型實(shí)例。 隱喻認(rèn)知模型的基礎(chǔ)是事物之間的相似性。隱喻也是一個(gè)映射過(guò)程,但此映射是從始發(fā)域到目標(biāo)域的映射過(guò)程,只要兩個(gè)事物間存在相似性,隱喻便可實(shí)現(xiàn)。相似性是由人的主觀想象與聯(lián)想形成,使隱喻相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)喻更為主觀,更易實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此大部分的漢語(yǔ)死亡委婉語(yǔ)是通過(guò)隱喻形成的。漢語(yǔ)中的死亡委婉語(yǔ)隱喻主要包括：死亡即沉睡或休息,死亡即離開(kāi),死亡即旅途終點(diǎn),死亡即植物枯萎等。
[Abstract]:As a common topic in linguistics, euphemism has attracted the attention of many scholars at home and abroad. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, this paper focuses on the analysis of Chinese death euphemism, a special category of euphemism. As a natural physiological phenomenon, death is inevitable, no one can achieve eternal life. The irreversibility of death makes it the most painful reality in life. Death means the end of human or animal life forever. It is taboo in both Eastern and Western cultures. As a result, indirect, evasive, vague euphemisms are widely used in place of the word "death". The richness and diversity of Chinese culture determine the richness of death euphemisms in Chinese. Chinese death euphemism is more complex because of its profound cultural connotation, which can reveal the religious belief, social status, identity and characteristics of the deceased and show the relationship between the speaker and the deceased. However, the study of Chinese death euphemism is still relatively lacking and needs further study. Therefore, this paper takes metonymy and metaphor in cognitive linguistics as the theoretical framework to explore the formation mechanism and nature of Chinese death euphemism, in order to provide a supplement and reference for relevant studies. According to the analysis of this thesis, the following conclusions are drawn: metonymy model and metaphorical model provide cognitive basis for euphemism. Metonymy cognitive model is based on the proximity of things. By establishing the substitution relationship between two things, the mapping process within the same conceptual domain is realized. Because the proximity between things is more objective, it will restrict metonymy, so the proportion of metonymy in Chinese death euphemism is relatively small. From the perspective of metonymy, Chinese death euphemism mainly consists of two categories: one is the relationship between the whole and part of metonymy, the other is the relationship between part and part of metonymy. Replacing the death related words with the physiological characteristics and changes of the dead, such as "breathing stop" or "heart stop beating", is a typical example of euphemism formed by partially replacing the whole metonymy mechanism. The metaphorical cognitive model is based on the similarity of things. Metaphor is also a mapping process, but this mapping is a mapping process from the origin domain to the target domain. Metaphor can be realized as long as there is similarity between the two things. Similarity is formed by human's subjective imagination and association, which makes metaphor more subjective and easier to realize than metonymy. Therefore, most Chinese death euphemisms are formed by metaphor. The metaphor of death euphemism in Chinese mainly includes: death is sleeping or resting, death is leaving, death is the end of the journey, and death is the withering of plants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H15

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本文編號(hào)：2018994