本文選題：委婉語 + 語用功能��； 參考：《吉林大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代的發(fā)展加快了新聞傳播的速度并拓寬了新聞的覆蓋面，然而考慮到讀者生理和心理層面的需要，不可避免的要使用委婉的表達去替代那些直白或難以啟齒的詞匯。因此委婉語的使用變得越來越廣泛，對它的研究也數(shù)不勝數(shù)。大多數(shù)語言學家從文化及語用學的角度出發(fā)對其進行深入的研究。文化視角主要包括禁忌、傳統(tǒng)道德、社會規(guī)約以及宗教等因素；語用學方面主要是從言語行為理論、合作原則、禮貌原則、面子理論和順應(yīng)論的視角出發(fā)并結(jié)合英漢委婉語的差異來進行對比研究。然而對于委婉語在新聞報刊這一領(lǐng)域下運用的研究相對較少，尤其是結(jié)合馬斯洛需要層次理論對委婉語的語用功能進行的研究。所以，本文嘗試在馬斯洛需要層次理論視角下，對新聞報刊中委婉語的掩飾功能及其滿足的生理和心理的層次進行實證研究，目的是研究新聞報刊中委婉語的掩飾功能是如何體現(xiàn)出來的及其滿足了馬斯洛需要層次理論中哪些層次的需要。 本研究首先主要通過大量閱讀國外新聞和報刊中的報道以及國內(nèi)新聞的英譯本，查閱并搜集歷史上典型使用委婉語的相關(guān)報道。然后分析所掌握資料中新聞報刊委婉語所體現(xiàn)的掩飾功能。最后在馬斯洛需要層次理論指導下分析委婉語實例，探析并總結(jié)委婉語的掩飾功能與馬斯洛需要層次理論之間的關(guān)系，即滿足了哪幾個層次的需要，來達到掩蓋真實情況的目的。 研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，委婉語是英語新聞報刊中普遍使用的一種表達形式，其語用功能主要包括避諱功能、避俗功能、禮貌功能及掩飾功能。從新聞報刊中的社會生活、戰(zhàn)爭及政治等方面來看，委婉語的掩飾功能體現(xiàn)的淋漓盡致。它主要用來掩飾貧窮、失業(yè)、過錯及罪惡等社會問題，從而減少社會矛盾；用來掩飾侵略戰(zhàn)爭，達到發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭者試圖淡化戰(zhàn)爭給人們帶來的災(zāi)難的目的；用來掩飾政治丑聞，掩蓋事實的真相，從而將當權(quán)者對公眾造成的消極影響降到最低。根據(jù)馬斯洛的需要層次理論，委婉語的使用主要是滿足低層次需要中的安全需要及歸屬與愛的需要，，滿足高層次需要中的自尊需要和美學需要。正是這些需要促進了委婉語的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展。委婉語既是人們相互交流洽談的重要手段，也能避免直接的陳述給聽話者造成的傷害，在語言交際中起著“潤滑劑”的作用。
[Abstract]:The development of the Internet era accelerates the speed of news dissemination and broadens the coverage of news. However, considering the needs of the readers' physiological and psychological aspects, euphemism is inevitably used to replace those words that are straightforward or difficult to articulate. Therefore, the use of euphemism has become more and more widespread, and the study of euphemism is innumerable. Most linguists study it from the perspective of culture and pragmatics. The cultural perspective mainly includes taboo, traditional morality, social regulation and religion. Pragmatics mainly includes speech act theory, cooperation principle, politeness principle, etc. From the perspective of face theory and adaptation theory, and combining the differences between English and Chinese euphemism, a comparative study is made. However, there are relatively few studies on the application of euphemism in the field of news and newspapers, especially on the pragmatic function of euphemism based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. Therefore, this paper attempts to make an empirical study on the concealment function of euphemism and its satisfying physiological and psychological levels in the perspective of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. The purpose of this paper is to study how the disguise function of euphemism in newspapers and periodicals is embodied and meets the needs of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. In this study, we first read a large number of reports in foreign news, newspapers and periodicals and English versions of domestic news, and then collected historical reports on euphemism. Then the paper analyzes the concealment function of euphemism in news newspapers and periodicals. Finally, under the guidance of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, this paper analyzes the examples of euphemism, analyzes and summarizes the relationship between the concealment function of euphemism and Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs, that is, which levels of needs are satisfied. To cover up the truth. The results show that euphemism is a common form of expression in English newspapers and periodicals. Its pragmatic functions include taboo function, vulgar avoidance function, politeness function and cover up function. From the aspects of social life, war and politics in the news and newspapers, the concealment function of euphemism is incisive and incisive. It is mainly used to conceal social problems such as poverty, unemployment, fault and crime, thereby reducing social contradictions; to cover up wars of aggression for the purpose of trying to dilute the disasters caused by war; to cover up political scandals; Conceal the truth, thus minimizing the negative impact of those in power on the public. According to Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs, euphemism is mainly used to meet the needs of security, belonging and love, self-esteem and aesthetic needs of high-level needs. It is these needs that promote the emergence and development of euphemism. Euphemism is not only an important means for people to communicate and negotiate with each other, but also can avoid the harm caused by direct statements to the hearer, which plays the role of "lubricant" in language communication.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H136;H313

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本文編號：2017802