本文選題：范疇化 + 認(rèn)知語言學(xué)��； 參考：《長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：人類從有數(shù)的概念開始數(shù)詞便開始萌芽,最開始人類結(jié)繩記事�？v觀全球來開,十進(jìn)制是普遍被使用的進(jìn)制不管文化背景如何不同。雖然五進(jìn)制在其他語言中也可以找到,當(dāng)數(shù)詞僅僅是作為非主流而存在時(shí)。為什么基數(shù)詞在形態(tài)句法方面會(huì)有名詞和形容詞兩個(gè)性質(zhì)?為什么數(shù)值的大小不同在詞性上的體現(xiàn)會(huì)有不同?比如小倍數(shù)詞會(huì)有形容詞和名詞的雙重性質(zhì),而大的倍數(shù)詞則更像名詞?這些相關(guān)問題都在過去的數(shù)詞研究有所討論,在我國數(shù)詞的研究起步較晚,二十世紀(jì)八十年代才開始,對(duì)數(shù)詞的單獨(dú)研究較少,多為研究由數(shù)詞組成的詞組或者結(jié)構(gòu),或者是簡(jiǎn)單地針對(duì)數(shù)詞的詞性進(jìn)行分類。在過去現(xiàn)代漢語數(shù)詞的研究認(rèn)為數(shù)詞是一個(gè)封閉的詞類結(jié)構(gòu)。由于受喬姆斯基語言學(xué)派的影響,學(xué)者們對(duì)數(shù)詞的研究或多或少地顯示出了其機(jī)械性�！捌逜八B”是一個(gè)慣用語存在于人們的生活之中,它包含了數(shù)詞七,八,這兩個(gè)數(shù)詞有其自身的特點(diǎn),以及和英語數(shù)詞對(duì)比體現(xiàn)的差異性。作者希望可以管中窺豹,對(duì)中文的數(shù)詞研究盡微薄之力。本文將從認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的角度對(duì)數(shù)詞進(jìn)行分析,將運(yùn)用到范疇化和非范疇化的相關(guān)理論。語言的意義研究脫離不了語言的演變,或許語言的范疇化研究可以給語言的演變研究提供出路,認(rèn)知方面的創(chuàng)新最終導(dǎo)致語言方面的創(chuàng)新,數(shù)詞的范疇化和非范疇化過程使得數(shù)詞和其他詞類的界限變地模糊,關(guān)于詞類的模糊性,蘭蓋克在他的著作《認(rèn)知語言學(xué)》中指出傳統(tǒng)的詞類劃分過于僵硬,他不認(rèn)為形容詞,介詞和副詞屬于不同的詞類。蘭蓋克對(duì)詞類的觀點(diǎn)啟發(fā)了作者對(duì)數(shù)詞的重新的看法,喬姆斯基學(xué)派對(duì)“有形的語言現(xiàn)象”感興趣,對(duì)如詞義這些無形的詞意變換和詞性的模糊性卻進(jìn)行了有意無意的忽略!不僅如此,喬姆斯基整個(gè)學(xué)派對(duì)詞義的變化解釋也乏力。通過從認(rèn)知語言學(xué)角度中的對(duì)數(shù)詞的非范疇化分析,可以得出如下結(jié)論:數(shù)詞作為一個(gè)特殊的詞類是有其自身的特點(diǎn),且在實(shí)際的語言使用過程中,數(shù)詞有充當(dāng)形容詞,副詞的角色。不管是數(shù)詞詞性的改變還是數(shù)詞詞義的變化,數(shù)詞的非范疇化都是其誘因,詞性變化和詞義變化的過程都是漸進(jìn),而非一步到位的。且可以進(jìn)步得出在語言的語義研究方面,認(rèn)知語言學(xué)比喬姆斯基學(xué)派更勝一籌。
[Abstract]:Human beings begin to count from the concept of numerals began to sprout, the beginning of human knot notes. Throughout the world, decimal is widely used regardless of cultural background. Although pentadecimal can be found in other languages, when numerals exist only as non-mainstream. Why do cardinals have two properties: noun and adjective? Why are the values different in terms of part of speech? For example, small multiples have the dual nature of adjectives and nouns, while large multiples are more like nouns? These related problems have been discussed in the past numerals research. In our country, the study of numerals started relatively late, and only began in the 1980s. There are few separate studies on numerals, mostly for the study of phrases or structures composed of numerals. Or simply classify the parts of speech of numerals. In the past, the study of numerals in modern Chinese considered that numerals are a closed structure of parts of speech. Due to the influence of Chomsky school of language, numerals are more or less mechanically studied. "Seven A eight B" is an idiom that exists in people's lives. It contains numerals seven and eight. These two numerals have their own characteristics and the differences in comparison with English numerals. The author hopes to make a modest contribution to the study of Chinese numerals. This paper analyzes numerals from the perspective of cognitive linguistics and applies them to the relevant theories of categorization and de-categorization. The study of the meaning of language can not be separated from the evolution of language. Perhaps the study of categorization of language can provide a way out for the study of language evolution. The innovation in cognition leads to the innovation in language. The categorization and non-categorization of numerals make the boundaries between numerals and other parts of speech blurred. As for the fuzziness of parts of speech, Langaker points out in his book Cognitive Linguistics that the traditional classification of parts of speech is too rigid and he does not think of adjectives. Prepositions and adverbs belong to different parts of speech. Langaker's view on parts of speech inspired the author's rethinking of numerals. Chomsky school was interested in "tangible language phenomena", but ignored the intangible changes of word meaning and the ambiguity of part of speech. Not only that, Chomsky as a whole school of change in the meaning of the explanation is also weak. By analyzing the non-categorization of numerals from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, we can draw the following conclusions: numerals, as a special part of speech, have their own characteristics, and in the actual language use, numerals act as adjectives. The role of an adverb. Whether it is the change of the part of speech or the change of the meaning of the numeral, the de-categorization of the numeral is its inducement, and the process of the change of the part of speech and the meaning of the word is gradual, not in one step. It can be concluded that cognitive linguistics is superior to Chomsky school in the semantic study of language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：H146.1

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本文編號(hào)：2012870