本文選題：撒拉語 + 形態(tài)��； 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：本文以科姆里的《語法調(diào)查研究手冊》為基本框架,努力將撒拉語形態(tài)置身于世界語言的變異范圍內(nèi)來考察。同時(shí),吸收傳統(tǒng)語法研究尤其是突厥語研究的理論與方法,以體現(xiàn)撒拉語形態(tài)自身特點(diǎn)為語法描寫與分析的首要原則。本文以青海省循化撒拉族自治縣街子地區(qū)的大部分撒拉族所說語言為具體研究對象。全文共分8章。 第1章為緒論。介紹了本文的研究對象、目的與意義,理論指導(dǎo)與研究方法,語料的收集,簡要回顧了前人對撒拉語形態(tài)研究的情況,解釋了本文所使用的拼寫符號(hào)；介紹了撒拉族居住環(huán)境,歷史來源,社會(huì)組織與文化,語言使用情況等。 第2章為名詞部分。探討了黏著性詞綴、附綴詞綴、后置詞、語序、派生法等名詞短語語法屬性的表達(dá)手段；主語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、話題、焦點(diǎn)等句法功能的形態(tài)表現(xiàn)；“絕對”結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等非限定結(jié)構(gòu)中的相關(guān)成分；空間和時(shí)間語義功能的表達(dá)方式；格范疇、數(shù)范疇、性與類、有定與無定等；派生、復(fù)合、諧音等名詞的構(gòu)成方式。 第3章為代詞部分。分析了人稱代詞的出現(xiàn)位置、強(qiáng)制與可選特點(diǎn),在進(jìn)行對比與強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)以及特指問中的使用情況,普通代詞的人稱和數(shù)范疇,特殊代詞co的特點(diǎn),代詞與數(shù)詞組合情況；介紹了疑問代詞的數(shù)和格的范疇、功能及其與數(shù)詞的組合情況；介紹不定代詞的構(gòu)成方式,bir、 sen、 kis、 kisi等詞的用法；介紹了反身代詞、相互代詞、領(lǐng)屬代詞、指示代詞、肯定代詞、否定代詞等的特點(diǎn),并重點(diǎn)探討了diu、 su等詞的實(shí)際用法及來源等。 第4章為動(dòng)詞部分。分析了動(dòng)詞的基本態(tài)、反身態(tài)、使動(dòng)態(tài)、交互—共同態(tài)等態(tài)范疇,探討了撒拉語中是否存在用動(dòng)詞形態(tài)表現(xiàn)的被動(dòng)態(tài)；分析了陳述式、條件式、祈使式等式范疇,系統(tǒng)梳理了動(dòng)詞時(shí)體表現(xiàn)手段、情態(tài)的表現(xiàn)方法、傳據(jù)范疇的特點(diǎn)等；介紹了形動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)名詞、副動(dòng)詞等非限定動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)；分析了動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成情況。 第5章為形容詞部分。討論了形容詞的分類、關(guān)系形容詞的構(gòu)成方式、復(fù)合詞、諧音詞等；介紹了形容詞的原級、比較級、最高級、過量級等級范疇；介紹了形容詞名物化的特點(diǎn)。 第6章為數(shù)詞和量詞部分。介紹了基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、集合數(shù)詞、約數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)詞等,數(shù)詞在現(xiàn)代撒拉族社會(huì)中的運(yùn)用情況；介紹了量詞的分類及其特點(diǎn)等。 第7章為不變化詞部分。描述了表示時(shí)間、頻率、程度、范圍、狀態(tài)等的副詞形式；分析了支配向格、從格、主格、工具格等的后置詞,探討了后置詞的來源問題；描述了表示并列、選擇、轉(zhuǎn)折等意義的連詞；歸納和總結(jié)了疑問、加強(qiáng)、祈使等語氣詞；介紹了嘆詞與摹擬詞的特點(diǎn)等。 第8章為余論部分。通過和親屬語言的對比,歸納了撒拉語在形態(tài)方面一些特點(diǎn),如：名詞短語的有定與無定標(biāo)記,動(dòng)詞傳據(jù)范疇的二元對立現(xiàn)象,數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的位置、集合數(shù)詞的表達(dá)方法以及數(shù)詞功能的逐步喪失,形容詞的最高級表達(dá)手段,co等一些特殊代詞的特點(diǎn),撒拉語中保存古老的古代突厥語特點(diǎn)等；和其他突厥語相比,撒拉語缺乏某些形態(tài)變化,如：撒拉語構(gòu)詞法中沒有維吾爾語等語言中所具有的來自波斯語的一些前綴及其他構(gòu)詞成分,沒有許多現(xiàn)代突厥語所具有的表示否定意義的-sXz,撒拉語缺乏其他突厥語用動(dòng)詞形態(tài)表示的被動(dòng)態(tài),沒有動(dòng)詞的人稱變化,名詞的領(lǐng)屬附加成分不分單復(fù)數(shù),甚至個(gè)別地區(qū)的撒拉語中連名詞的領(lǐng)屬成分也已經(jīng)消失等。 自撒拉族13世紀(jì)離開中亞突厥語中心區(qū)到青藏高原后,撒拉語就走上了獨(dú)特的發(fā)展道路。撒拉語中保留有豐富的古代突厥語成分,這對構(gòu)建突厥語發(fā)展史尤其是烏古斯語組的發(fā)展史具有重要意義,同時(shí),撒拉語在青藏高原和漢藏語的接觸,使它形成了其他突厥語所沒有的一些特點(diǎn)。撒拉語可以說是突厥語和漢藏語接觸的非常生動(dòng)的一個(gè)實(shí)例。因此,撒拉語在語言學(xué)等方面的價(jià)值是毋庸置疑的。但是,撒拉語已被聯(lián)合國教科文組織確定為瀕危語言,根據(jù)國內(nèi)研究情況,撒拉語目前的發(fā)展也確實(shí)不容樂觀。對撒拉語的記錄、保存、研究等方面有許多工作要做,本文就是從形態(tài)方面入手,根據(jù)長期的田野調(diào)查資料,以及和親屬語言的對比,對撒拉語作了較為詳細(xì)而深入的研究,希望能對撒拉語的保護(hù)與研究工作盡一份綿薄之力。
[Abstract]:In this paper, this article takes the grammatical survey research manual as the basic framework, and tries to study the Sara form in the variation of the world language. At the same time, it absorbs the theories and methods of the traditional grammar research, especially the Turkic language research, in order to embody the principal principle of the Salar language's own characteristics as the grammatical description and analysis. The majority of Salar people in the sub district of Xunhua Salar Autonomous County, hai province, say the language is a specific object of study. The full text is divided into 8 chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction. It introduces the object of the study, the purpose and significance, the theoretical guidance and research methods, the collection of the corpus, briefly reviews the previous studies on the Sala language, explains the spelling symbols used in this article, and introduces the Sala living environment, the historical origin, the social organization and culture, and the use of language.
The second chapter is a part of noun. It discusses the expressions of the grammatical attributes of noun phrases such as adherent affixes, affixes, postposition words, word order, derivation, and other syntactic functions of the subject, object, complement, topic, focus and so on; the related elements in the unrestricted structures such as "absolute" structure, infinitive, and Gerund; space and time language. The expression of semantic function; lattice category, number category, sex and class, definite and indefinite; derivative, compound, homonym and other nouns.
The third chapter is the part of the pronoun. It analyzes the position of the pronoun, the compulsion and the optional features, the use of the contrast and emphasis, the use of the special question, the person and the number category of the ordinary pronoun, the special pronoun Co, the combination of the pronoun and the numerals, the category of the number and the lattice of the doubtful pronoun, the function and the number of words. It introduces the form of the indefinite pronoun, the usage of the words of bir, Sen, kis and KISI, and introduces the reflexive pronoun, the mutual pronoun, the leading pronoun, the demonstrative pronoun, the affirmative pronoun, the negative pronoun and so on, and focuses on the practical usage and source of the words of DIU, Su and so on.
The fourth chapter is the part of the verb. It analyzes the basic state of the verb, the reflexive state, the dynamic, the interaction and the common state category, and explores the existence of the verb form in the Sala language, and analyzes the declarative, conditional and imperative equality categories, and systematically combs the means of expression of the verb, the expression of modality, and the category of the communication. The characteristics of non finite verbs, such as form verbs, gerund verbs, auxiliary verbs, etc., are introduced. The composition of verbs is analyzed.
The fifth chapter is the adjective part. It discusses the classification of adjectives, the form of the relation adjectives, the compound words, the homonym and so on. It introduces the original, comparative, superlative, and excessive level category of adjectives, and introduces the characteristics of the nominalization of adjectives.
The sixth chapter is the numeral and the quantifier part. It introduces the application of the cardinal number word, the ordinal number, the set numeral, the number word, the fractional word and the numerals in the modern Sarah society, and introduces the classification and the characteristics of the quantifier.
The seventh chapter is the part of the non change word. It describes the form of adverbs expressing time, frequency, degree, scope, state, etc., analyzes the postposition of dominating the grid, from the lattice, the main lattice, the tool grid and so on, discusses the source of the postposition, and describes the conjunctions that represent the significance of juxtaposition, selection and turning, and summing up and summing up the interrogative, strengthening, imperative and so on. It introduces the characteristics of the interjection and the imitative words.
The eighth chapter is the remaining part. By comparing with the relative language, some characteristics of the Sara language are summed up, such as the definite and indefinite mark of the noun phrase, the two yuan antagonism in the category of the verb, the position of the numeral, the expression method of the set numeral and the gradual loss of the function of the numerals, and the most advanced expression of the adjective. The characteristics of some special pronouns, such as CO, which preserve the ancient Turkic characteristics of the ancient Turkic language; compared with other Turkic languages, the Sara lacks some morphological changes, such as the prefix and other composition of the Persian language in the Sara word formation without Uygur language, and there are not many modern Turkic languages. With the negative meaning of -sXz, Sara lacks the dynamics of other Turkic pragmatic verb forms, without the change of the verb, the additional elements of the nouns, and even the subordinate elements of the nouns in the Sala language.
Since the Sara left the Central Central Asian Turkic central region in thirteenth Century to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Sarah had a unique development path. The Sala language retained rich ancient Turkic components, which was of great significance for the development of the history of the Turkic language, especially in the uqus group, and the Sala language was connected to the Tibetan Plateau and the Tibetan language. The Sala language can be said to be a very vivid example of the Turkic and Chinese Tibetan Languages. Therefore, the Sala language is unquestionable in Linguistics and other aspects. However, the Sara has been identified by the UNESCO as an endangered language, according to domestic research. There is a lot of work to be done about the development of the language at present. There is a lot of work to be done in the aspects of the Sala language, such as record, preservation, research and so on. This article is a more detailed and in-depth study of Sala from the aspect of morphology, according to the long-term field survey data and the comparison with the language of relatives, hoping to protect and study the Sara language. Do a little bit of effort.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H232

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本文編號(hào)：1912099