本文選題：誤解 + 基點(diǎn)與調(diào)整經(jīng)驗(yàn)推理��； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：大量研究證明,由于聽(tīng)話(huà)人與說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀性以及語(yǔ)言的不確定性,交際中誤解是不可避免的。然而,正是它的不可避免性激發(fā)了許多研究者的興趣,并成為炙手可熱的研究課題。人們希望可以通過(guò)研究,找到它的根源,并指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐,降低誤解發(fā)生的頻率,從而避免嚴(yán)重后果的發(fā)生。 本文旨在從認(rèn)知心理學(xué)的角度研究誤解的現(xiàn)象,并試圖用調(diào)查問(wèn)卷的方法證明,基點(diǎn)與調(diào)整經(jīng)驗(yàn)推理是誤解形成的根源之一。此經(jīng)驗(yàn)推理方法是在1974年由Tversky和Kahneman首先提出,隨后主要被應(yīng)用于金融領(lǐng)域。為確保問(wèn)卷的效度,我們將基點(diǎn)與調(diào)整經(jīng)驗(yàn)推理植入問(wèn)卷的每個(gè)題目,受試者選擇的答案可以直接反應(yīng)他們?cè)谠?huà)語(yǔ)理解過(guò)程中是否會(huì)受到基點(diǎn)與調(diào)整經(jīng)驗(yàn)推理的影響。借助SPSS做數(shù)據(jù)分析后,調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,受基點(diǎn)與調(diào)整心理傾向的影響,當(dāng)對(duì)話(huà)人面對(duì)有歧義的句子時(shí),傾向于根據(jù)先前最近的語(yǔ)境或話(huà)輪做出判斷(即根據(jù)基點(diǎn)判斷),如果聽(tīng)話(huà)人與說(shuō)話(huà)人所關(guān)注的基點(diǎn)相同,則誤解不會(huì)發(fā)生；相反,如果聽(tīng)話(huà)人所關(guān)注的基點(diǎn)不同于說(shuō)話(huà)人的,則誤解發(fā)生。由此得出結(jié)論,基點(diǎn)與調(diào)整經(jīng)驗(yàn)推理是誤解形成的根源之一。 本研究從一個(gè)嶄新的角度研究了誤解的根源,為后續(xù)的研究提供了借鑒,并可以指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐,使對(duì)話(huà)雙方從根本上降低誤解的發(fā)生頻率,抑制嚴(yán)重后果的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:A large number of studies have proved that misunderstanding in communication is inevitable due to the subjectivity of hearer and speaker and the uncertainty of language. However, it is its inevitability that arouses the interest of many researchers and becomes a hot research topic. It is hoped that we can find out the root causes of misunderstandings, guide practice and reduce the frequency of misunderstandings so as to avoid the occurrence of serious consequences. The purpose of this paper is to study the phenomenon of misunderstanding from the perspective of cognitive psychology, and try to use the questionnaire to prove that the basic point and the adjustment of empirical reasoning are one of the root causes of the formation of misunderstanding. This empirical reasoning method was first proposed by Tversky and Kahneman in 1974, and then mainly applied in the field of finance. In order to ensure the validity of the questionnaire, we implant the basic point and adjustment empirical reasoning into each topic of the questionnaire. The answers chosen by the subjects can directly reflect whether they will be influenced by the basic point and the adjusted empirical reasoning in the process of discourse comprehension. With the help of SPSS data analysis, the results show that, under the influence of basic point and adjustment psychological tendency, when the interlocutor is faced with ambiguous sentences, A tendency to make judgments based on a previous recent context or turn (that is, on the basis of a basic point), misunderstandings do not occur if the listener and the speaker are concerned with the same basis point; on the contrary, if the hearer's focus is different from that of the speaker, Misunderstandings occur. It is concluded that the basic point and the adjustment of empirical reasoning are one of the root causes of the formation of misunderstanding. This study studies the causes of misunderstanding from a new perspective, which provides a reference for further research, and can guide the practice, so that both sides of the dialogue can fundamentally reduce the frequency of misunderstanding and restrain the occurrence of serious consequences.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H136

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