本文選題：否定標(biāo)記詞 + 弗��； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：衢州話的否定標(biāo)記詞共有五個(gè)：“弗”[fΛ?7]、“嘸”[hm2]、“g”[f(?)2]、“(?)”[fe3]、“墔”[fε5]。“弗”和“嘸”是兩個(gè)基本否定標(biāo)記詞,“g”、“(?)”、“墔”是三個(gè)合音詞,分別由“弗”與“曾”、“會(huì)”、“要”合音演變而來(lái)。 本文以方言語(yǔ)法調(diào)查為基礎(chǔ),以衢州話的否定表達(dá)為研究對(duì)象,探討了衢州話否定標(biāo)記詞體系的句法分布規(guī)律和語(yǔ)義,側(cè)重時(shí)間語(yǔ)義的分析,兼顧情態(tài)語(yǔ)義和否定的數(shù)量語(yǔ)義。全文共計(jì)七萬(wàn)字,除結(jié)語(yǔ)外分三章： 第一章,明確了“否定”的概念,概述了現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)否定范疇研究和方言語(yǔ)法否定范疇研究的現(xiàn)狀,說(shuō)明了全文的研究目標(biāo)、研究方法及研究范圍。本文以否定句為分析對(duì)象,以否定標(biāo)記詞為研究核心,提到的否定句是狹義的否定句,即包含顯性否定標(biāo)記詞的句子。 第二章,討論衢州話五個(gè)否定標(biāo)記詞的句法分布,是全文的主體。通過(guò)全面描寫(xiě)加簡(jiǎn)要分析得出：衢州話“弗”、“g”、“(?)”、“墔”四個(gè)否定標(biāo)記詞否定謂詞性成分,“嘸”否定體詞性成分,雙方呈互補(bǔ)分布；而否定謂詞性成分的四個(gè)否定標(biāo)記詞內(nèi)部,“弗”、“g”根據(jù)“非過(guò)去”、“過(guò)去”時(shí)間語(yǔ)義內(nèi)涵的不同呈對(duì)立分布。 第三章,分三個(gè)層次分析了衢州話否定標(biāo)記詞的語(yǔ)義：1、從“三時(shí)角度”探討了衢州話否定標(biāo)記詞體系的時(shí)間語(yǔ)義問(wèn)題,認(rèn)為“弗”有泛時(shí)性；“g”有歷時(shí)性,曾然性和持續(xù)性是歷時(shí)性的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容,同時(shí)“g”還具有完整體意義；“(?)”否定相對(duì)時(shí)制下的將來(lái),還可以用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,大致相當(dāng)于普通話“如果……不……”的用法。2、探討了衢州話否定標(biāo)記詞體系的情態(tài)語(yǔ)義范疇,認(rèn)為“墔”屬于道義情態(tài)范疇,用于祈使句中表禁止、勸阻；“(?)”屬于認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)范疇,表達(dá)說(shuō)話人對(duì)主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作趨勢(shì)、意愿的否定預(yù)測(cè),帶有很強(qiáng)的主觀性。3、否定體詞性成分的“嘸”的數(shù)量語(yǔ)義,認(rèn)為否定的量向大的確定,“嘸”的基本語(yǔ)義含義是少于,否定了一切多于標(biāo)記數(shù)量詞的情況。 附錄是作者自擬的《漢語(yǔ)方言否定表達(dá)調(diào)查表》,包含3大類(lèi)20個(gè)小類(lèi),共314個(gè)例句。該調(diào)查表是全文研究得以進(jìn)行的基礎(chǔ)。 衢州話的五個(gè)否定標(biāo)記詞各司其職,分工明確,無(wú)論是在句法上還是語(yǔ)義上都具有很強(qiáng)的體系性。
[Abstract]:There are five negative markers in Quzhou dialect: "f N" [F N], "m" [hm2], "g Li" [f], [fe3], "Li" [f 蔚 5]. "Fu" and "Wu" are two basic negative markers, "g", "Li" and "Li" are three synsyllabic words, which are derived from the synonym of "Fu" and "Zeng", "Hui" and "want" respectively. Based on the investigation of dialect grammar and taking the negative expression of Quzhou dialect as the research object, this paper probes into the syntactic distribution and semantics of the negative marker system in Quzhou dialect, focusing on the analysis of time semantics and the quantitative semantics of both modality and negation. The full text amounts to 70,000 words, in addition to the conclusion is divided into three chapters: The first chapter defines the concept of "negation", summarizes the present situation of the study of negation category in modern Chinese and the grammatical negation category of dialect, and explains the research objectives, research methods and research scope of the full text. This paper takes the negative sentence as the analysis object and the negative marker word as the core of the study. The negative sentence mentioned is the narrow negative sentence, that is, the sentence containing the explicit negative marker word. The second chapter discusses the syntactic distribution of the five negative markers in Quzhou dialect. Through comprehensive description and brief analysis, the author draws the following conclusions: Quzhou dialect "Fu", "g Li", "Jiao", "Li" four negative marker words, negative predicate elements, "Wu" negative parts of speech, the two sides show complementary distribution; However, the four negative markers of negative predicate, "Fu" and "g", have different semantic connotations of "past" and "past" according to "non-past". The third chapter analyzes the meaning of negative marker word: 1 in Quzhou dialect in three levels, discusses the time semantic problem of negative marker word system in Quzhou dialect from "03:00 angle", and thinks that "Fu" has pan-temporal character and "g Li" has diachronic character. Zeng ran and persistence are two diachronic contents, and "g Li" also has complete meaning. The future of negative relative tense can also be used in subjunctive mood, roughly equivalent to Putonghua. No. " This paper discusses the modal semantic category of Quzhou dialect's negative marker system, and thinks that "Li" belongs to the category of moral modality, which is used to prohibit and dissuade in imperative sentences. Belonging to the category of cognitive modality, expressing the speaker's negative prediction of the tendency and willingness of the subject action, with a strong subjectivity of .3. the quantitative semantics of the negation of the part of speech, the author thinks that the negation has a large quantitative direction. The basic semantic meaning of "Ma" is less than, negating the case where everything is more than the number of marked words. The appendix is a questionnaire of negative expressions of Chinese dialects written by the author, which consists of 3 categories and 20 subcategories, with a total of 314 examples. The questionnaire is the basis for full-text research. The five negative markers in Quzhou dialect have their own functions and clear division of labor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H17

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