本文選題：漢英對比研究　切入點(diǎn)：范疇化　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：漢語語法體系中量詞是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的詞類,總體而言,漢語量詞具有以下特征：數(shù)量大、種類多、專用性強(qiáng)、情態(tài)豐富、用法靈活。英語中沒有量詞這一單獨(dú)的詞類,但是存在一定的表量結(jié)構(gòu),其數(shù)量、種類、靈活性上與漢語量詞呈現(xiàn)相反的特征。而對于動(dòng)物集體量詞來說,漢英量詞表現(xiàn)出與各自總體特點(diǎn)相悖的趨勢。漢語動(dòng)物集體量詞總量甚少,一般使用量詞“群”來表達(dá)動(dòng)物的集體概念,其指稱范疇能夠擴(kuò)大到所有動(dòng)物,但通用性強(qiáng)而精確度較低,且情態(tài)上一直保持中性色彩,這與漢語量詞總體特征相悖。而“群”的英語對應(yīng)詞則呈反向趨勢,其特征是數(shù)量多、用法靈活、情態(tài)豐富,針對動(dòng)物的種類和特點(diǎn)而使用與其相匹配的群體量詞。漢英動(dòng)物群體量詞具有很大的不同之處,但是學(xué)界對這一問題的深入研究卻一直很少。 范疇化、原型理論是認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的主要內(nèi)容之一。范疇是圍繞原型為認(rèn)知參照點(diǎn),不斷向外擴(kuò)展的范疇化結(jié)果,對范疇的劃分實(shí)際上是人類認(rèn)識客觀世界的基礎(chǔ)。同理,量詞的劃分反應(yīng)了語言‘的范疇化特征,是人類對事物進(jìn)行認(rèn)識的表現(xiàn)之一,而動(dòng)物群體量詞的劃分則是對動(dòng)物群體這一事物認(rèn)知并進(jìn)行歸類的結(jié)果。量詞的研究一直是認(rèn)知語言學(xué)范疇化理論的研究重點(diǎn)對象之一,因此,動(dòng)物群體量詞可以成為范疇化理論的研究對象。此外,原型范疇化理論在語言分析中應(yīng)用廣泛,其原則與方法對漢英量詞研究起著指導(dǎo)作用,能夠促進(jìn)量詞研究。 有鑒于此,本文以認(rèn)知主義的原型范疇化理論和方法為基礎(chǔ),分析漢語動(dòng)物群體量詞的范疇化過程,探討漢英兩種語言中對群體量詞的范疇劃分的理據(jù),并對此進(jìn)行對比和研究,找出漢英兩種語言對動(dòng)物群體量詞劃分及認(rèn)知的規(guī)律。 基于以上分析,本文共分為5章,第一章“導(dǎo)論”簡要介紹本文的研究背景,意義和論文框架結(jié)構(gòu)。第二章“文獻(xiàn)綜述”部分回顧了漢英量詞與表量結(jié)構(gòu),以及漢語群體量詞的前期研究。第三章“理論基礎(chǔ)”部分,回顧了語言的范疇化理論和方法及范疇化理論的應(yīng)用、研究視角和研究路徑,進(jìn)而論證了以原型范疇理論為基礎(chǔ)探討漢英語動(dòng)物群體量詞的可行性。第四章詳述漢英語動(dòng)物群體量詞的“群”的范疇化過程。本章首先分析了漢語量詞“群”的范疇如何從原型成員擴(kuò)展到邊緣成員的范疇化過程；然后分析英語中,“群”的對應(yīng)量詞是如何進(jìn)行范疇劃分的；最后,對比漢英動(dòng)物群體量詞的特點(diǎn)。第五章,總結(jié)全文主要的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)和不足之處,并為今后的研究指明了方向。
[Abstract]:Quantifier is an independent part of speech in Chinese grammar system. In general, Chinese classifier has the following characteristics: large quantity, variety, specificity, rich modality and flexible usage.There is no classifier as a separate part of speech in English, but there is a certain structure of quantification, and its quantity, type and flexibility are opposite to those of Chinese classifier.For collective animal quantifiers, Chinese and English classifiers show a trend contrary to their general characteristics.The total amount of Chinese animal collective quantifiers is very small. The quantifier "group" is generally used to express the collective concept of animals. Its reference category can be extended to all animals, but it has strong generality, low accuracy, and always maintains neutral color in modality.This is contrary to the general characteristics of Chinese classifiers.On the other hand, the English equivalents of "group" show a reverse trend, which is characterized by large quantity, flexible usage, rich modality, and the use of group quantifiers corresponding to the species and characteristics of animals.There are great differences between Chinese and English animal group quantifiers, but there has been little in-depth research on this issue in academic circles.Categorization, prototype theory is one of the main contents of cognitive linguistics.Category is the result of constantly expanding outwards around the prototype as the cognitive reference point. The classification of categories is actually the basis of human understanding of the objective world.Similarly, the classification of quantifiers reflects the categorization of language', which is one of the manifestations of human cognition of things, while the classification of classifiers of animal groups is the result of cognition and classification of animal groups.The study of classifiers has always been one of the important objects in the research of categorization theory of cognitive linguistics, therefore, animal group quantifiers can become the research object of categorization theory.In addition, prototype categorization theory is widely used in language analysis, its principles and methods play a guiding role in the study of Chinese and English classifiers, and can promote the research of classifiers.In view of this, based on the prototype categorization theory and method of cognitivism, this paper analyzes the categorization process of Chinese animal population classifiers, and probes into the rationale of categorization of group classifiers in both Chinese and English.Through the comparison and study, we find out the rules of classifying and recognizing the quantifiers of animal population in Chinese and English.Based on the above analysis, this paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter "introduction" briefly introduces the research background, significance and structure of the paper.The second chapter "Literature Review" reviews the Chinese and English quantifiers and the structure of quantifiers, as well as the Chinese group classifiers.The third chapter, "theoretical basis", reviews the categorization theory and methods of language, the application of categorization theory, the research perspective and the research path, and further demonstrates the feasibility of exploring the quantifiers of Chinese and English animal groups based on the prototype category theory.Chapter four describes the categorization process of Chinese-English animal group quantifiers.Contrast the characteristics of Chinese and English animal group quantifiers.The fifth chapter summarizes the main innovations and shortcomings of the paper, and points out the direction for future research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146;H314

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