本文選題：典型無主句　切入點：無人稱句　出處：《吉林大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代漢語句型系統(tǒng)中只有謂語，沒有主語的句子被稱為無主句，漢語中的無主句被認為是漢語的特色之一。無主句不僅大量存在，且有很多類型。語言學家從不同的角度對無主句進行研究，對于無主句的使用情況大致分為兩種，一種是無需補出主語，也無法說出主語是誰；一種是主語在上文或下文中出現(xiàn)了，承前或者蒙后省。本文只針對無主句使用的第一種情況進行研究，并且把這種情況的無主句稱為“典型無主句”。 不僅漢語里面存在著無主句，印歐語系斯拉夫語族中的成員之一—俄語也存在著“無主句”這樣的語言現(xiàn)象，但是俄語里的無主句卻與漢語里的無主句不同。俄語句子包括很多類型，這些類型的句子都與我們所研究的無主句問題密切相關。 俄語里還有“格”的語法范疇，句中的俄語名詞及部分代詞，總是具有一定的“格”的形式，體現(xiàn)一定的“格”的意義。“格”實質(zhì)上是對客觀世界中動作與事物，事物與事物間的關系反映。俄語中這些名詞與代詞的“格”的意義也同樣與我們研究的無主句問題有著很密切的聯(lián)系。 本論文論述了語言學界對于無主句問題以及無主句對譯問題的一些研究方法及研究成果，以語法理論為依據(jù)，，以本人內(nèi)省式及一些文學作品和網(wǎng)絡中出現(xiàn)的無主句為語料來源，分別闡述并且列舉出漢語中的典型無主句與俄語中的無主句，分析這些無主句現(xiàn)象，將它們進行對比分析，并且對典型無主句在對俄漢語教學中出現(xiàn)的翻譯問題進行研究，找出其在翻譯中應遵循的原則及應采用的手段與方法。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese sentence pattern system, there are only predicates, and sentences without subject are called "no subject", and they are regarded as one of the characteristics of Chinese. There are many types. Linguists study the subject-free sentence from different angles. The use of the subject-free sentence can be roughly divided into two types: one is that there is no need to add the subject and the subject is unable to tell who the subject is; One is that the subject appears in the preceding or the following. This paper only studies the first case in which no subject is used, and refers to it as a "typical no-subject". Not only does there exist no subject sentence in Chinese, but one of the members of the Indo-European Slavic family, Russian, also has a linguistic phenomenon such as "no subject sentence". However, there are many types of sentences in Russian which are closely related to the subject-free sentences we study. There is also the grammatical category of "case" in Russian, and the Russian nouns and some pronouns in the sentence always have the form of "case", which embodies the meaning of "case". In essence, "case" is the action and thing in the objective world. The meaning of "case" of these nouns and pronouns in Russian is also closely related to the question of "no subject" we study. This thesis discusses some research methods and research results on the subject-free problem and the subject-free translation problem in the field of linguistics, which is based on the grammatical theory. Taking my introspection and some literary works and the absence of subject sentences in the network as the source of the corpus, this paper expounds and enumerates the typical non-subject sentences in Chinese and the non-subject sentences in Russian, analyzes these phenomena, and makes a comparative analysis of them. This paper also studies the translation problems of typical no-subject sentences in Russian and Chinese teaching, and finds out the principles, methods and methods to be followed in translation.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H195.3

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